Influence of Confucianism on Japanese Colonialism

真蘭羅（Robert Mac Auslan）

中研院社會所訪問學員、美國華盛頓州立大學社會學系博士候選人

World Systems Theory remains the dominant paradigm in Political Economy when examining colonialism and modern empires.  The Core-Periphery relationship based around exploitation of labor and resources, or capitalist cycles of accumulation is a powerful theoretical tool, and a useful lens through which to view European colonialism. However, the expansion of the Japanese empire into northeast China and Taiwan did not follow the same pattern of development and exploitation as its European counterparts, and had dramatically different outcomes for the former colonized states.  This research compares traditional political economic models of Japanese colonialism with a modified version of Michael Mann’s model of social power allowing for ideological drivers of expansion.  Specifically attempting to identify the role of Confucianism as a governing ideology in Japanese imperial expansion from 1895 (the treaty of Shimonoseki) to 1937 (the beginning of Japanese militarism).  In order to determine whether ideology played a significant role in the Japanese colonial administration individual accounts of colonial administrators, both Japanese and foreign, and economic and political reports have been examined. Thus, this project address two questions: 1.) To what extent does Michael Mann's framework improve upon existing models of colonialism?, and 2.) How Confucian was Japanese colonialism?

Modeling the Effect of Youth Employment Patterns on Crime in the US

李啟德（Richard Callahan）

中研院社會所訪問學員、美國華盛頓大學社會學系博士候選人

An ongoing debate in the literature on employment and crime concerns whether youth employment prevents crime, promotes it, or is spurious.  Previous research has identified interactions between work intensity and extensity, such that youth with stable jobs involving fewer than 20 hours of work per week experience better developmental outcomes than their peers with different work patterns. Drawing on data from a ten-year longitudinal study of crime among 1,532 youth in Denver and using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) methods, this research tests whether these work patterns are causal or merely reflect selection effects. The results indicate that changing employment patterns do cause changes in delinquency among youth ages 15-17, with steady, non-intensive jobs resulting in less crime than other patterns. The results are more robust for general delinquency than for economic crime, suggesting the mechanism driving this relationship may not be rational choice. Policy implications are also discussed.

The political-economic dimension of pension-finance nexus in Taiwan

陳品先

The thesis is to explore the affinities between the financial system and the policies pursued in pension reforms. It builds on research in the pension-finance nexus, demonstrating how the links between pensions and finance in Taiwan are established. The study also highlights the transforming process and examines pension reforms in the national political-economic context. The following research questions are probed: firstly, what is the interaction and interdependence between financial systems and pension regimes? In a new system fledging with first tier and occupational (2^nd tire) pension schemes, what are the characteristics of the system? In the intersection of social security system, financial asset management, and labour-employer relationship, how did the political process evolved? Finally, when we compare the pension fund of the reformed occupational scheme (Labour Pension Fund) to other retirement funds, what legacies or breakthrough do the new fund show in the governance rationale? How are they institutionalized? What has been witnessed with the rise of pension funds?

In order to tackle these issues, the study utilizes historical documents for institutional analysis, and semi-structured interviews for exploring practices of fund governance. Three theories in social policy and economic geography— pension politics, developmental state and its relations to finance, and internationalisation of financial industries—will be carefully reviewed. At this stage, it is suggested that the pension reform is close linked with financial deregulation, which involves addressing fundamental issues regarding the role of the state, finance, and firms.

國際農糧體制與臺灣糧食依賴：關於戰後臺灣養豬業歷史發展的考察

劉志偉 (Ivan Chiwei Liu)
Post-Doc Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica
pipeivan@gate.sinica.edu.tw

本次報告將以歷史社會學與政治經濟學的研究視角，藉由戰後臺灣養豬產業的歷史發展過程，說明導致臺灣產生糧食依賴的結構性因素。戰後臺灣的農業經濟體系納入由美國主導的國際農糧體制內，臺灣的糧食生產與消費也因此受到國際農糧體制的規約與影響。為開拓其剩餘農產品的海外市場，美國除透過出口補貼以增加其農產品於國際市場上的競爭力；另一方面則積極拓展「糧食外交」，提供各項優惠措施予他國購買美國剩餘農產品。此外，美國更以改善國民營養、提高動物性蛋白質攝取量為由，鼓勵其他國家配合發展畜牧業，進而增加其對美國飼料穀物的需求。為配合美國推銷其剩餘農產品，中國農村復興委員會於1960年代開始推動「綜合養豬計畫」，經建單位亦積極扶持飼料工業發展。其後，國際農糧企業更紛紛來臺投資設廠。臺灣的養豬業因此逐漸擺脫傳統農家副業經營的型態，開始轉型為所謂的「現代化養豬產業」。然而，以玉米飼料為基礎所發展的養豬產業，一方面造成傳統的甘薯飼豬方式迅速消散與甘薯產量的遽減；另一方面則導致臺灣對美國飼料穀物產生嚴重的結構性依賴。

In the Name of Aesthetics and Prosperity: Entrepreneurial Placemaking at Shilin Old Streets District

邱啟新
Ph. D. Candidate in Environmental Psychology 
The GraduateCenter of the CityUniversity of New York, US
raycchiu@gmail.com  

蒐藏移民生活的歷史記憶：
當代台灣眷村博物館/文化館的觀察與芻議
Collecting Memories of Chinese Migrants:
Notes on Juancun Museums/Galleries in Taiwan

郭揚義
PhD candidate in anthropology, University of College London
youngyihkuo@ntu.edu.tw

社會人類學家 Nigel Rapport (1998) 曾精闢地指出：「移居/移動」，是今日人類生活的典型；不論我們身為外來移民或本地居民，觀光客或在地人，難民或公民，都市人或鄉村人，「移居/移動」建構了當代的社會經驗，而這社會經驗則形塑著我們。文化理論家 Robin Cohen (1997) 甚至進一步表示：「身處異地、成為異鄉人」可說是人類現況的最佳寫照。台灣，是由歷史上一波又一波的移民所構成的共同體。少數移民停留了一段時間後就離開了，為數不少的移民則因為不同的原因，選擇留下來繼續在這塊土地上生活。一九五○年代前後台灣經歷了百年來最大的一次移民潮，這些來自中國不同省份的移民，將豐富多元的家鄉文化帶來台灣，而五、六十年來的眷村，則成為這些文化安身立命彼此交融以及與眷村(內)外台灣文化對話的基礎。

近年來隨著老舊眷村改建計畫的進行，台北市、桃園縣、新竹市、高雄市等地已陸續成立眷村博物館/文化館，而澎湖縣、台北縣、台南市等也設立(或著手規劃)眷村文化園區。本研究將以目前較具規模的台灣眷村博物館/文化館：新竹市眷村博物館與高雄市眷村文化館作為觀察對象，分析其蒐藏實踐與經營 策略，並以2007年10月甫開幕位於巴黎的法國國立移民博物館 (French National museum of Immigration / Cité nationale de l’histoire de l’immigration, CNHI) 為參照，提出針對未來台灣眷村博物館或移民/公民會館蒐藏與發展的淺見與建議。

關鍵詞：移民、博物館蒐藏、新竹市眷村博物館、高雄市眷村文化館、法國移民博物館

Invisible Work and Disposable Labor:
The State’s Abandonment of Migrant Care Workers in Taiwan
Li-Fang Liang
Ph.D Candicate, Department of Sociology, Syracuse University
liliang@maxwell.syr

    In early 2003, a famous advocate for disability rights in Taiwan, Liu Hsia, died as a result of accidental mistreatment by her Indonesian care worker, Vina. The accident engendered widespread discussion on the “safety” issue of importing migrant care workers into Taiwanese society. But behind the veil of safety concerns, what was going on in the trenches, where these women were doing work and sustaining their everyday lives? Vina never had a day off since she began working for Liu’s family. The nice relationship between Vina and Liu did not mitigate the intensive pressure that Vina suffered from caring for a severely disabled person 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. Later psychiatric assessment revealed that Vina was troubled by psychosis. This was the context for what happened to Vina and her employer, and it points to the difficulties of myriad live-in migrant care workers like her who worked invisibly in private households in Taiwan.

棒球作為「原／圓夢階梯」：
教育體制、文化創生與社會階序繁衍

Aboriginal Baseball Dreams:
Educational Regime, Cultural Production and the Reproduction of Social Hierarchies

林文蘭
台大社會學系博士候選人
Wen-Lan Lin
Doctoral Candidate, Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University.
d92325003@ntu.edu.tw, wenlan0612@gmail.com

「原／圓夢」之球：與伍佰元鈔票中的主角相遇
        2001年暑假，完成了在椰林的碩士進修之後，歷經了四百公里的搬家旅程，我來到了台灣第一所體育中學任教，它是我社會實習的第一個田野。新台幣伍佰元鈔票上的主角、《冠軍之後》紀錄片的強棒、紅葉少棒的後代同時成為課堂上的學生，讓我歷經一場田野的洗禮，體驗文化衝擊的震撼教育！打職棒、甲子園和大聯盟是每一個原住民棒球少年心中的美夢。「如果沒辦法打職棒呢？」我曾經試圖殘忍的戳破年輕的夢想氣球，聽到的不脫兩個答案：「那就去釘板模或當兵啊……」。
        幸運的是，年輕熱情的圓夢之旅已有少數人上路。紅葉少棒福將余宏開之子—余賢聖任職興農牛隊練習生；棒壇著名的陽家將家族—陽仲壽前進甲子園後順利進入日本職棒火腿隊；而南王少棒的王牌投手—增菘瑋的美國大聯盟之夢也在克利夫蘭印地安人隊小聯盟高階1A開始起飛。然而，其他未上報的多數，我卻一無所悉……

台灣青少年的自尊成長曲線：家庭與學校脈絡的影響

范綱華

中研院社會學所博士後研究員
PhD in sociology
University of Texas in Austin

ganghua.fan@gmail.com

        既有的文獻，受到資料與分析方法的限制，對於青少年自尊成長軌跡的研究發現差異甚大。而在台灣，由於現有分析多採用橫斷面調查資料，亦未能清晰呈現台灣青少年自尊成長曲線的樣貌。對青少年自尊的發展而言，已知家庭和學校脈絡因素有重要影響，但鮮少有研究探索此兩種脈絡在青少年不同成長階段的相對重要性。有鑑於此，本文採用「台灣青少年成長歷程研究」的六波長期追蹤資料，試圖描繪台灣青少年的自尊成長軌跡，並探究家庭與學校脈絡在自尊成長過程中扮演何種機制。研究結果顯示，台灣青少年的自尊發展呈非線性成長。個人自尊首先在青少年前期大幅下降，在青少年中期先略微上升之後再下降，到了青少年後期，則呈現緩慢上升的趨勢。男性青少年的自尊一般比女性青少年為高；兩性的自尊差異，在青少年前期較大，但到了青少年中期和後期，差距轉為減小。就相對影響強度而言，學校脈絡因素對青少年前期的自尊發展影響較大，而家庭脈絡則對青少年後期的自尊變化影響較大。同時，父親和母親支持程度對青少年自尊的影響，在不同階段也顯現出差異。

「底下的空間還大的很」 ：奈米尺度標準的社會學分析

台灣剖腹產現象的性別分析
Gender Analysis of Taiwanese Cesarean Births

官晨宜
美國雪城大學人類學博士候選人
PhD Candidate in Anthropology, Syracuse University, US
cheni.kuan@gmail.com

本論文探討台灣剖腹產現象中的性別政治，透過分析孕婦雜誌、相關網站與新聞…等孕婦們賴以汲取生產知識的來源，以及官方或醫院報告，深入檢視主流論述如何建構出無知自私的女性形象，並結合我的田野發現，指出形成台灣高剖腹產率的結構性因素，反駁責怪婦女的主流論述。

老人照顧 • 政策 • 知識典範

王   品
PhD in Social Work, Columbia University
pinwang251@gmail.com

世界各國都在憂心人口老化的問題，並且設計出各種『長期照顧』福利政策以為因應。但是每個國家設計的長期照顧政策，都受到該國以及大環境的歷史、政治、經濟、文化，以及醫療與社會科學知識典範的影響。我的論文就是以台灣作為東亞福利體系國家的一個例子，去探討台灣制定老人照顧政策的過程中，將福利先進國家的老年學知識典範與政策，在台灣在地化 (localization)的推手角色，以及不同知識典範碰撞在地文化的適應過程(adaptation)。

「理性的經濟資源交換」或「性別角色態度展現」？
台灣、中國、日本及南韓的家務勞動跨國比較

許碧純
中國文化大學社會福利學系暨研究所助理教授
PhD in Sociology, Cornell University
xbc2@faculty.pccu.edu.tw

儘管社會學者對無酬家務勞動的研究在1980年代之後日益增多，經濟學或經濟社會學者對此議題的關注仍相當有限，此外，跨國比較研究證實有助於檢驗理論的適用性，而系統性的比較並解釋東亞社會兩性家務勞動參的研究則付之闕如。本研究主要的目的在於了解台灣、中國、日本及南韓兩性家務勞動參與的狀況，並進一步比較影響這四個國家兩性家務勞動參與的因素，最後本研究試圖回答「經濟及交換模型」與「性別模型」對於東亞四國兩性家務勞動參與解釋力之差異。