March 11, 2009
鼓勵此網誌:0
考陽明哪天,我姑姑問我什麼是microRNA。
沒有仔細讀的我一時答不出來。
所以把找到的資料貼在下面。
這樣絕對忘不掉了吧,哈哈哈。
(非相關科系不用點入
要自我更新?還是要分化為其它細胞?這是胚胎幹細胞一直在面臨的選擇題,如今科學家發現microRNA可以影響這個過程。
參考來源:
沒有仔細讀的我一時答不出來。
所以把找到的資料貼在下面。
這樣絕對忘不掉了吧,哈哈哈。
(非相關科系不用點入

MicroRNA簡介
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The stem-loop secondary structure of a pre-microRNA from Brassica oleracea.In genetics, microRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded RNA molecules of 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression. miRNAs are encoded by genes from whose DNA they are transcribed but miRNAs are not translated into protein (non-coding RNA); instead each primary transcript (a pri-miRNA) is processed into a short stem-loop structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. Mature miRNA molecules are partially complementary to one or more messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, and their main function is to down-regulate gene expression. They were first described in 1993 by Lee and colleagues in the Victor Ambros lab [1], yet the term microRNA was only introduced in 2001 in a set of three articles in Science.[2]

stem-loop pic.↑
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去年底的報導[Aug 10, 2008]
醫學:分不分化 讓microRNA來決定
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The stem-loop secondary structure of a pre-microRNA from Brassica oleracea.In genetics, microRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded RNA molecules of 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression. miRNAs are encoded by genes from whose DNA they are transcribed but miRNAs are not translated into protein (non-coding RNA); instead each primary transcript (a pri-miRNA) is processed into a short stem-loop structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. Mature miRNA molecules are partially complementary to one or more messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, and their main function is to down-regulate gene expression. They were first described in 1993 by Lee and colleagues in the Victor Ambros lab [1], yet the term microRNA was only introduced in 2001 in a set of three articles in Science.[2]

stem-loop pic.↑
---
去年底的報導[Aug 10, 2008]
醫學:分不分化 讓microRNA來決定
要自我更新?還是要分化為其它細胞?這是胚胎幹細胞一直在面臨的選擇題,如今科學家發現microRNA可以影響這個過程。
在複雜的基因調控線路圖中,往往只由少數重要的轉錄因子來負責基因表現的開關。過去幾年來,MIT教授Richard Young的研究團隊已經找出基因調控路徑中的關鍵份子,但他們直到最近才發現到負責製造microRNA的基因在這個過程中也扮演著舉足輕重的角色。microRNA是短小片段的RNA,這些分子會影響幹細胞的細胞狀態,更會影響胚胎發育的過程。Richard Young他們的新發現將有助於了解成熟細胞如何變化為原始的胚胎細胞狀態,然後再分化為其它細胞,這將對癌症這類疾病的病理機制提供新的研究方向。
Richard Young認為,只要能知道轉錄因子是如何影響microRNA基因的表現,科學家就能夠進一步了解轉錄因子與microRNA是怎麼共同決定細胞的狀態。microRNA不但能影響細胞的命運,更參與癌細胞的變化過程。
先前的研究顯示microRNA主要負責維持胚胎幹細胞的原始狀態,但這還不足以解釋microRNA基因在整個細胞調控線路圖中扮演的角色,因此有必要找出整個基因體當中microRNA基因的所有位置,找出這些基因位置才能夠了解microRNA調控細胞的方式,也只有這樣才能知道轉錄因子是怎麼參與microRNA基因的表現過程。
研究人員先對人類和小鼠胚胎幹細胞個別進行全基因體的搜索,企圖找出轉錄因子與DNA相結合並引發基因表現的位置。他們選定的轉錄因子包括Oct4、Sox2、Nanog、Tcf3,結果發現這些轉錄因子與兩組microRNA基因互相結合,其中一組基因主要表現在胚胎幹細胞中,而另一組基因則維持在靜默的狀態,後者主要是受到Polycomb protein這類參與後胚胎發育過程的基因調控蛋白所抑制。如今Richard Young的研究團隊手上已有一份參與胚胎發育過程的microRNA基因的名單,接下來他們將試著透過調控這些基因來使胚胎幹細胞分化為其它的細胞,如神經細胞。
這項結果也提供科學家一個新的研究方向,他們將可以透過分析癌症和其它疾病的microRNA基因表現的情形,來判斷microRNA和疾病之間的關連性。由於目前已知胚胎幹細胞的整個細胞調控線路圖與癌細胞相當類似,既然科學家已經發現microRNA在這個線路圖中可能有很重要的地位,未來將探討microRNA到底是如何在這些細胞中發揮它們的影響力。
對此研究有興趣的讀者請參閱以下論文:
Alexander Marson et al. Connecting microRNA Genes to the Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuitry of Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell, August 8, 2008 134(5)
Alexander Marson et al. Connecting microRNA Genes to the Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuitry of Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell, August 8, 2008 134(5)
參考來源:
Putting MicroRNAs On The Stem Cell Map













































