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造25MW級海水透壓能發電廠
Ref: Physorg.com, 2009/11/23

The ones tested at the Hurum plant will have an efficiency level of less than 1 watt per square metre. The company says it plans to install membranes that can deliver 2-3 watts per square meter after some time, but an efficiency level of 5 watts per square meter is needed to make osmotic power profitable.
Nevertheless, "everything that contributes to the development of renewable energy sources is positive," the scientist stressed, "considering the progression of carbon dioxide emissions and dwindling fossil fuel reserves."
哥本哈根會議為何不看好
聯合國哥本哈根氣候變化會議應該是非常重要的會議,但是卻又非常不被看好。幾乎無人敢說它能有結果,因為兩極化的衝突太大了。英國一位勛爵把它譬喻的很妙,說這好像我們(指發達國家)開了一個宴會,到宴會將要結束時,應允一位窮朋友(指開發中國家)入席。他只能趕上喝杯咖啡,然後我們卻說宴會是AA制,費用均分,這對窮朋友當然是很不公平的。
雙方立場為什麼兩極化呢?應付氣候變化最重要的減少二氧化碳的排放量,發達國家已有深厚底子,生活方式已達到現代化水準,全球減排會增加這些國家國民對未來的積極預期,也將增加其經濟及政治的紅利。但對發展中國家而言,發電、煉鋼等國民經濟的基本要素在很多國家中還未準備好,目前如再面臨減低碳排量經濟轉移所必需的技術上的重新裝備,同樣是減排一噸二氧化碳,發展中國家所遭遇的痛楚困頓遠大於發達國家。這就是已享用過大餐的國家要窮朋友,只喝了杯咖啡就要付相同代價的不公平。
但窮朋友們現在有了九個勢力強大的同夥,他們就敢於說不。
中國、印度、巴西、南非低調地在北京召開了一項應對哥本哈根大會的會議,印度在國際問題上從不與中國合作,但這次卻寧願讓中國領導,由中國起草了應對方案,決定在(十二月一日)正式發表這項宣言,它認為這不僅是四國的看法,也代表發展中國家的立場。這宣言就是應對七日哥本哈根大會的攻守同盟。這項宣言包括了四點「不容談判」的原則:一、絕不接受法律上有約束力的減排。二、不接受不受支持的減排措施和國際化衡量的標準。三、不接受匯報和核實不受支持的減排行動。四、不接受將氣候變化作為貿易壁壘的工具。
他們爭取的是什麼?是發達國家自己的減排量必須增加而且要深度減排,對開發中國家要拿出資金和技術幫助他們進行減排裝備的重建。要體諒困難,壓低目前的減排標準。
在目前的勢力對抗形勢是:一是七十七個發展中國家加上中國,二是歐盟發達國家,三是所謂「傘形集團」美國、加拿大、澳洲、紐西蘭等發達國家。這三個利益集團各有盤算,將在大會中角力。發展中國家要求發達國家在一九九○年的標準上到二○二○年減排不低於四○%,而發達國家如歐盟只承諾二○到三○%。美國說它將減排一七%,但其標準都是從一九九五年為基準。這等於只將排量回到一九九○年而已,可謂毫無作為。中國已宣布排量減少四○至四五%,但卻是以單位GDP為標準,而非總量計算,起始基準為二○○五年。北京已說開發中國家可以協助減排,但必須與GDP掛鉤。
蘇格蘭國民黨白皮書 為獨立鋪路
蘇格蘭議會第一大黨、主張蘇格蘭獨立的蘇格蘭國民黨(SNP)卅日公布一項有關蘇格蘭未來的白皮書,以期為蘇格蘭獨立鋪路。
根據白皮書,蘇格蘭的未來可以有四種選擇。一、維持現狀;二、針對目前的蘇格蘭地方分權進行有限改革;三、除國防、外交外,擁有高度自治權,金融完全自主;四、蘇格蘭獨立。
蘇格蘭國民黨黨魁、現任蘇格蘭第一部長的薩拉蒙(Alex Salmond)表示,在這四項選擇中,唯有蘇格蘭獨立,對蘇格蘭才是最有利的抉擇。只有與世界上其他獨立國家平起平坐,成為國際社會完整的一員後,蘇格蘭的政經發展才能達到最大效益。
蘇格蘭議會將在明年舉行選舉,SNP是否能維持第一多數席位,尚難預料,該黨於是選擇在此刻,重新推動蘇格蘭獨立訴求,期望伺機將蘇獨公投包裝到憲法中。
德國在Alpha Ventus完成第一個60MW(5MW*12)離岸風場
Germany completes its first large offshore wind farm
A consortium has installed 12 large wind turbines in the North Sea, to complete Germany’s first offshore wind farm alpha ventus.
Ref: Renewable.Energy.Focus.com, 2009/11/19
The facility, alpha ventus, was built by EWE, E.ON and Vattenfall in the consortium DOTI (Deutsche Offshore-Testfeld- und Infrastruktur Gesellschaft GmbH) at a cost of €250 million(~120億NTD). All 12 wind turbine units were installed in less than 7 months, and 6 of the wind turbines are already being test-run and have generated 13 million kWh of wind power.
The wind farm, sited 45 km north of Borkum island in the North Sea, is the world's first offshore wind park that uses a dozen 5 MW wind turbines. At full operation, alpha ventus will generate sufficient electricity for 50,000 homes.

“With the building of alpha ventus, our three companies have shown that offshore wind energy is technically feasible in Germany, even under considerably difficult conditions,” says project director Wilfried Hube of EWE. “The construction of 12 5 MW wind turbines 45 km from the shore in waters 30 m deep, is a true piece of pioneering achievement and is the first of its kind worldwide.”
The offshore wind farm project relied on the experience of other offshore installations, but the harsh conditions of the North Sea provided a true test for the feasibility of offshore wind power in Germany and is a remarkable logistical achievement, the consortium notes. Initial difficulties with construction vessels in 2008 prompted them to select more suitable equipment this year.
“We learned that the construction process and the employed logistics must be very well attuned with one another in order to be build effectively,” adds Oliver Funk of Vattenfall. “In this regard, we faced a very steep learning curve.”
During peak construction this summer, 350 people and 25 ships were simultaneously at work on the offshore wind farm site. The vessels included three new jack-up barges that arrived at alpha ventus almost directly from their shipyard, as well as Thialf, the largest crane ship in the world that installed the jacket foundations for the REpower wind turbines in 6 days.
The construction of alpha ventus was more complex than other offshore wind farms, which have been built outside Germany. Two types of German-manufactured wind turbines were built on two different types of foundations using various construction concepts and “construction has provided us with valuable information for future offshore projects,” says Ralf Lamsbach of E.ON.
The six Areva Multibrid M5000 wind turbines stand on tripods, and feature a rotor diameter of 116 m and hub height of 90 m. They are 178 m total height above the seabed, and weigh 309 t with rotor and hub. So-called ‘jacket’ foundations are used for the REpower wind turbines, which have a rotor diameter of 126 m, hub height of 92 m, 185 m total height above seabed and weigh 410 t.
The second lot of 6 wind turbines will come online by the end of the year. One hundred technicians passed ’helicopter abseil-training’ in Cuxhaven recently, so they can reach the wind turbines from the air if the sea route becomes inaccessible due to inclement weather or high swells.
An internet webcam has been stationed on the FINO1 construction platform showing the progress on the building site, and DOTI is ready to transmit the power to shore. An underwater cable, installed last year by transpower GmbH (formerly E.ON Netz), connects the offshore transformer station to the German power grid.
觀看全文...
加拿大投資20億台幣建立碳捕捉(Carbon Capture & Storage)技術
Canada invests $63mn in CCS
Ref: Power Engineering International, 2009/11/24
The Canadian government is investing $63 million (US $59.5 million , ~20億台幣) in a large-scale, fully integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS) project in Alberta. The project is partly funded through the government's Clean Energy Fund.
The Alberta Carbon Trunk Line project, co-owned by Enhance Energy and North West Upgrading, is designed to store up to two billion tons of carbon when working at full capacity.
美國能源部提供200億台幣經費投入智慧電網計畫
While visiting Ohio-based utility American Electric Power earlier today, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Steven Chu announced that the department was awarding $620 million in stimulus funds to support smart grid demonstration projects around the U.S. Today's announcement follows on the heels of the first round of DOE stimulus grants aimed at the smart grid, which were announced on Oct. 27. Those grants total $3.4 billion. The latest awards will help fund 32 demonstration projects, Chu noted. These projects will focus on smart metering, large-scale energy storage and other smart technologies, as well as distribution and transmission system monitoring strategies. "These demonstration projects will further our knowledge and understanding of what works best and delivers the best results for the smart grid," Chu remarked. "This funding will be used to show how smart grid technologies can be applied to whole systems to promote energy savings for consumers, increase energy efficiency and foster the growth of renewable energy sources." The DOE also noted that the projects, which will also receive more than $1 billion in private-sector investment, will help “verify the technological and business viability of new smart technologies and show how fully integrated smart grid systems can be readily adapted and copied around the country.” The awards are split into two areas. The first group of grants (16 awards totaling $435 million) will support integrated, regional smart grid demonstrations in 21 states. A second group of 16 awards (totaling $185 million) will help fund utility-scale energy storage projects. |
首座Oyster波浪能發電系統在蘇格蘭近海啟用
Oyster Wave System Launched in Scotland
The wave energy industry took a major stride forward last week when the world's largest working hydro-electric wave energy device, known as 'Oyster', was officially launched by Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond MP, MSP at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney. The device, developed by wave energy company Aquamarine Power, is currently the world's only hydro-electric wave energy device which is producing power.
Oyster is designed to capture the energy found in nearshore waves in water depths between 10 and 16 meters.
The Oyster launch took place at EMEC’s Billia Croo site near Stromness, where the device was installed this summer. Scotland’s First Minister was on site to switch on Oyster for the first time.
Oyster is now producing power by pumping high pressure water to its onshore hydro-electric turbine. This will be fed into the National Grid to power homes in Orkney and beyond. A farm of 20 Oysters would provide enough energy to power 9,000 three bedroom family homes.
“I’m delighted to see first-hand the full-scale Oyster now installed and operating offshore. This is a key milestone for Aquamarine Power and for Scotland’s marine renewables sector," Salmond said. "Scotland's potential renewables capacity is estimated to be around 60GW. Our waters hold around ten per cent of Europe’s wave power potential and as much as a quarter of its tidal power potential. The European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) provides world-leading test facilities for Aquamarine and other companies to develop the technology needed to harness this huge untapped potential.
Oyster is Aquamarine Power’s first demonstration-scale wave energy device. Its performance will now be monitored and the results from the testing will provide a basis for the design of the next-generation commercial-scale Oyster. Oyster is designed to capture the energy found in nearshore waves in water depths between 10 and 16 meters. The benefit of Oyster is its simplicity. There are minimal moving parts and all electrical components are onshore, making it robust enough to withstand the rigors of Scotland’s harsh seas.
朱棣文指綠能研發將是美國第二次產業革命
Ref: 舊金山科技組, 2009/11/16
美國能源部長朱棣文10月26日在Google園區與Google執行長史密特(Eric Schmidt)對談。朱棣文宣布,政府釋出1億5100萬元經費給初創公司,協助解決美國能源問題,他強調,這將是美國第二次產業革命;另一方面,他認為,美國需要以其創業精神發展綠色能源科技,與擁有雄厚實力的中國競爭。
朱棣文說明,美國投入1億5100萬元經費給37項綠色研究計畫,包括風力與太陽能應用、LED照明以及其他新能源研發。經費來自隸屬能源部先進研究計畫機構的能源部門,提供資金給發展綠色科技的初期研究計畫,其中,資金有43%提供給小型商業、35%給教育機構、19%提供給大型公司。平均每項計畫獲得400萬元發展經費。
此次獲得能源部發展經費的機構包括:通用汽車獲270萬元、電池材料研發初創公司Envia Systems獲400萬元、超級電容器開發商FastCAP System獲530萬元、太陽能開發商1366 Technologies獲400萬元與其他綠色能源研究發展計畫,進行綠色科技研發項目。
朱棣文指出,中國在發展綠色能源科技方面相當積極,每年斥資超過1000億美元在發展潔淨能源。由於內需強勁,中國成為潔淨科技重鎮,同時,美國還受到金融危機影響,各個產業仍處於力求生存之際,兩方情勢相形之下,美國更需要聯邦政府在再生能源方面政策支持。
電動車大增 改善供電網成本飆升
產業群聚比國際分工更重要

美中能源合作意向書
U.S., China Partner on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency
Ref: Environmental Leader LLC, 2009/11/19
President Barack Obama and China’s President Hu Jintao have agreed to a wide ranging package of programs and initiatives (seven in total) to strengthen the two countries’ cooperation on renewable energy and energy efficiency. One key program establishes a U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center, supported by $150 million in public and private funds over the next five years, designed to drive joint research and development of clean energy technologies by scientists from both countries.
However, there could be a problem when it comes to the transfer of technology from the U.S. to China, according to the Guardian. Beijing’s wish list includes salt-resistant materials for offshore wind farms, hi-tech components for large wind turbines, smart-grid control systems and more efficient pumps for nuclear reactors, according to the newspaper.
Yang Fuqiang, head of climate solutions at the Worldwide Fund for Nature, told the Guardian there are still questions that need to be answered like how to compensate the private sector and how to remove trade restrictions on items that the U.S. does not want to give to China due to competitive advantage.
The two leaders also unveiled a U.S.-China Electric Vehicles Initiative, which will include developing joint standards, building demonstration projects in more than a dozen cities, creating technical roadmaps, and carrying out public education projects.
The countries will also leverage private sector resources to develop clean energy projects in China through the U.S.-China Energy Cooperation Program (ECP). Collaborative projects will consist of renewable energy, smart grids, clean transportation, green buildings, combined heat and power, energy efficiency, and clean coal.
The two Presidents also announced the launch of a new U.S.-China Renewable Energy Partnership to develop roadmaps for widespread renewable energy deployment in both countries, and an U.S.-China Energy Efficiency Action Plan to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, industrial facilities, and consumer appliances.
However, some observers like Scott Daniels of the Monitor Group, say the announcements don’t go far enough to aggressively develop commercial clean energy power, reports USA Today. The Monitor Group recently released a report, A Roadmap for U.S.-China Collaboration on Carbon Capture and Sequestration.
The two Presidents also pledged to promote cooperation on cleaner uses of coal, under the new 21st Century Coal initiative, including large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstration projects, and announced a U.S.-China Shale Gas Resource Initiative to help China assess its shale gas potential.
Looking to gain access to cash, technology and equipment, some U.S. power companies like Duke Energy, AES Corp. and Progress Energy have already sought out their Chinese counterparts, reports the Wall Street Journal. The Clean Air Task Force, a Boston-based environmental group that promotes clean-coal technology, told the WSJ that Chinese companies could help U.S. power producers speed up the rollout of carbon-reduction technologies because they can do it faster and cheaper.
For more information on sustainable investments (SI) in China, Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) has released a new report, Sustainable Investment in China 2009 (PDF), which identifies challenges and provides recommendations to speed up growth in the SI market.
〜和平,不應犧牲民主自由〜
本土社團聯合聲明稿
電動車輛的挑戰 |
| 作者:駐加拿大台北經濟文化代表處科技組 |
| 文章來源:加拿大環球郵報2009年10月6日 |
| 電動車輛可以挽救地球嗎?它們能拯救汽車工業嗎?如同許多修復技術一樣,專家的看法是,有可能,但不是像人們想像那樣。 當環保人士及汽車工業主管都將電動車輛視為解決他們各自關切事務的萬靈丹時,並非每一個人都相信,電動車輛的電力來源--鋰離子電池,是一個長期的解決方案。批評人士稱,當對抗二氧化碳釋放的戰爭打的如火如荼,各種電動及油電混合車紛紛上路之際,另一些新的問題又於焉產生。 即使如此,鋰離子電池的好處仍不可否認。 根據雪佛蘭車廠的計畫,2011年生產的Volt車種,將可充一次電後,行駛65公里。使用汽油發動的引擎,可以行駛超過483公里。使用汽油充電,Volt平均每行駛100公里,僅耗1公升汽油。許多消費者會利用鋰離子電池充一次電的行駛里數,開Volt上下班。利用Volt汽油引擎,往返別墅。Volt的行駛成本,每160公里約為2.75加幣。從多倫多赴渥太華往返,全部成本才16加幣。 Volt的汽油使用效率較油電混合車更高,但日產生產的Leaf車種,則完全靠鋰離子電池提供動力。日產Leaf車種的鋰離子電池產生的電力,是傳統電池的兩倍。充一次電可以行駛160公里,且沒有廢氣排放。然而,超過160公里後,必須重新充電,或換裝一個完全充電的電池。多倫多至渥太華有450公里,若開日產的Leaf,肯定很不方便。 加拿大安大略省經濟發展暨貿易廳發言人英格蘭姆(Mark Ingram)表示,安大略省希望至2020年時,省內每20輛車中就有一輛是電動車。安省目前正在與美國加州Palo Alto市的Better Place公司合作,在安省境內設立電動車輛充電網絡,並計畫在政府公共設施及安省鐵公路局(GO Transit)停車場內設立充電站,供電動車輛充電。 北美洲其他地區若也有類似的行動,將可大大促銷電動車輛。 然而,電動車輛是否真能大力扭轉氣候變化,提升汽車工業產量,或拯救雪佛蘭車廠,目前仍是被熱烈討論的話題。例如,Volt可以減少汽車廢氣排放量,Leaf完全沒有廢氣排放,但兩種車都需要電力,而電力的生產,又會製造二氧化碳。 多倫多拜倫資本市場(Byron Capital Markets)鋰分析師海卡威(Jon Hykawy)表示,世界上沒有一件事是完美的。亦擁有物理學博士學位及企管碩士頭銜的海卡威表示,美國一天消耗900萬桶汽車用汽油,約等於110億千瓦小時的電力。美國輸電網,每天生產130億千瓦小時電力。簡言之,如果美國每一名汽車駕駛人都使用電動車,輸電網的電力需增加一倍。 即使生產電力亦會帶來污染,但此一污染,較燃燒汽油的污染,還要潔淨60%。 人們還有一些顧慮,即除非業界能大力投資鋰生產,否則至2013年,鋰可能會供不應求。鋰目前主要在南美洲生產,但中國現在也在擴大生產。 鋰的成本僅占鋰離子電池成本的3.5%,因此即使鋰的生產成本增加一倍,對鋰離子電池電動車的售價影響也甚微。海克威認為,電動車輛絕對值得推廣,因為短期內,北美洲私人車輛不可能消失。 鋰離子電池並非解決汽車工業病痛的萬靈丹,經濟復甦才是最重要的。但海克威認為,電動汽車是人類在使用更多再生能源前的一個過渡期。因為迄至目前為止,除電動汽車外,尚無其他可以大量生產,人們負擔得起,使用較潔淨能源的汽車。 加拿大鈴木基金會(David Suzuki Foundation.)氣候變化專家布魯斯 (Ian Bruce)表示,如果人類要阻止地球暖化,私人車輛必須消失。他期望能看到圍繞人們的是設計永續的城市(sustainable cities)及緊密城市(compact cities),而車輛較少。這樣的城市,有較大的人口密度,大幅改善的大眾捷運系統,塞車也較少。 資料來源: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/challenges-of-the-electric-age/article1313442/ |
西班牙風力發電瞬間突破全國總發電量54%歷史紀錄
Wind turbines supplied 54% of Spain’s total electricity demand, for a short period on the weekend.
Ref: www.renewableenergyfocus.com, 2009/11/8For a short time last Sunday (8 November), blustery winds in Spain allowed wind turbines to supply 53.7% of total power demand across the country. The output was equivalent to 11 nuclear reactors, and was 10.7% higher than the previous record of wind power output set last year.
The peak occurred between 03:00 and 08:30 a.m. (local time) on Sunday, when national demand ranges from 21,700 to 19,700 MW. On that afternoon at 14:30 p.m., the maximum of simultaneous wind energy production of 11,546 MW was set, 343 MW more than the 11,202 MW achieved on 5 March when wind turbines accounted for 29% of national demand.
In the first 9 days of this month, wind generated 1,770,486 MWh in Spain, ahead of the 1,369,955 MWh from combined cycle facilities and the 1,223,350 MWh from nuclear.
By 2020, Spain is expected to double its wind capacity from the current 16,000 MW to 45,000 MW. The World Wind Energy Association says Spain’s installed wind power capacity in January was 16,740 MW, in third place behind the USA (25,170 MW) and Germany (23,903 MW).
The global wind capacity was 121,188 MW earlier this year, of which 27,261 MW were added in 2008 and generate 260 TWh per year. The wind energy sector has created 440,000 jobs, the claims WWEA, and represents annual revenue of €40 billion.
Last year, Spain's wind farms covered 11.5% of power demand, avoided the emission of 20 Mt of carbon and the need to import €1,200 million of fossil fuels.
英國OPT公司(Pelamis),接獲澳洲政府授予6100萬經費(20億台幣),發展世界首次量產型的海洋波浪能源計劃。
Australia Invests in World's First Utility-Scale Wave Power Project
Ref: Yale Environment 360, 2009/11/9
A UK-based renewable energy company has received a $61 million grant from the Australian government to build the world’s first utility-scale wave power project. Ocean Power Technologies will begin construction of the 19-megawatt project in the waters off Victoria in 2010. The project will provide enough electricity to power 10,000 homes. Wave technology uses buoys riding up and down on waves to drive an electrical generator, and then sends the power ashore via underwater cable.
The project is part of a larger $218 million government investment in renewable energy that officials say will help Australia meet its goal of generating 20 percent of its electricity demands with renewable sources by 2020. The other projects receiving government funds include two geothermal projects and a mini-grid that coordinates wind, solar, biodiesel and storage technologies.

















































