幸福MTV---謝長廷競選歌曲
作曲: 謝長廷
作詞: 郝志亮, 周恆毅
http://blip.tv/file/558877

Venturi Festish 2007 出廠的太陽能+ NiH小轎車
巴黎開始販售

http://www.venturi.fr/Eclectic-Video.html

Only Solar with NiH 電池

 

Solar, Wind, and NiH電池

承擔為台灣  Formosas Taiwan
<embed src="http://www.veoh.com/videodetails2.swf?player=videodetailsembedded&type=v&permalinkId=v2991517aYBwqkgx&id=anonymous" 
allowFullScreen="true" width="540" height="438" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" 
Note:  因影音檔過大,  建議先以backgroud download, 再一次播放

1947 二二八是個滾燙的烙鐵 烙印在台灣母親的心上

淒涼的淚水 滴滴都是白色的恐懼

那年 美麗的島嶼 
卻是民主的沙漠在戒嚴的長夜裡 
有人點亮火把 想要找尋 人權的價值

他們用黑牢逮捕 囚禁自由的想法
在望你早歸的歌聲中 我們流淚卻不絕望

1986年 我們不再等待

以組黨對抗獨裁
在台灣街頭 一次又一次 用肉身抵擋鎮壓呼喊台灣的名字

有人犧牲自由

有人不惜失去生命 捍衛深藏在心中的價值
我們的心愈來愈靠近 我們的腳步越跨越大

90年代一頁又一頁 精彩的歷史篇章

開創新世紀 百萬人民站出來

活力台灣 南北相輝映

快樂的出航 打造海洋的首都

為幸福台灣 我們揮汗 我們盡心

承擔歷史 堅持理想

承擔為台灣 
   

觀看全文...

天光

January 9, 2007(Solarbuzz)

廈門, China: First Mass Production of Upgraded Metallurgical Silicon in China

JACO SOLARSI LTD., a Chinese silicon producer, has started commercial production of silicon feedstock at large scale using a metallurgical purification route. JACO claims to be the first to mass produce upgraded metallurgical silicon (UMGSi) in China.

JACO’s SOLARSI product is tailored for CZ pulling of monocrystalline silicon or use in the casting/ heat transfer exchange process for multicrystalline ingot production. Its performance has been verified by using it either directly or blended with traditional feedstock in clients’ commercial production.

Currently, JACO is engaged in developing the second generation of SOLARSI product which will increase the blending ratio by 20-30% and the conversion efficiency by 1-2%. The bulk of such material is scheduled to be available before the middle of 2008.

“JACO SOLARSI LTD is a professional silicon producer since its establishment; we are committing ourselves to provide a “ Green Silicon” with higher performance and cost-efficiency to boost the development of PV industry. The planned capacity will ramp up to 2000 tonne per annum in the 2nd half of 2008 from 1000 tonne pa at the moment, with flexibility to further expand to meet customer demand. ” said JACO’s CEO Jackson Su.

全美最大的PV發電計畫 Hawaii 34MW(台灣~2010年累計裝置容量計31MW)
htpp://www.solarbuzz.com/news/NewsNAPR981.htm
        Governor Linda Lingle today announced an historic plan to develop large solar power arrays at 12 locations around the state, highlighting her Administration’s commitment to developing renewable energy in Hawai‘i and her mandate that state government lead by example. 
        Under the plan, the state Department of Transportation (DOT) – Airports Division is soliciting proposals from private companies to develop photovoltaic systems that could generate as much as 34 megawatts of electricity at 11 DOT sites, as well as the Hawai‘i Foreign-Trade Zone in downtown Honolulu. The DOT plans to have all 12 systems completed and operational within the next 24 months. 
        “This is one of the largest, if not the largest, state government solar initiatives in the nation,” said Ted Liu, director of the Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism. 
        34 megawatts of photovoltaic systems would reduce Hawai‘i’s need for approximately 130,000 barrels of fuel oil per year and would generate enough power to supply about 9,000 homes per year. 
        “Our Administration is committed to developing renewable sources of power to reduce our reliance on imported oil, increase our energy independence and stabilize energy costs,” said Governor Lingle. “Constructing large solar power arrays at DOT sites and in downtown Honolulu capitalizes on one of Hawai‘i’s most abundant natural resources and produces energy without polluting the environment. This project also shows that state government is leading by example in the critical areas of energy and the environment.” 
        The plan is based on a public-private partnership where private companies construct the photovoltaic systems and then enter into an agreement for the state to purchase all power produced for a minimum of 20 years. This allows the state to avoid construction and operating costs while also establishing a stable, long-term power budget. There are also substantial benefits for the private sector. 
        “Any private company would be able to reduce project costs by taking advantage of state and federal energy tax credits not otherwise available to government agencies,” Liu said. The project originated when the DOT researched possible renewable energy sources for Kona International Airport in order to take advantage of the location’s year-round sunny weather to help reduce electricity costs. 
        The solar power project was then expanded to other DOT sites and installation work is now scheduled at DOT facilities at Honolulu, Kalaeloa, Kahului, Lihu‘e, Moloka‘i and Lana‘i airports; Honolulu and Nawiliwili harbors; and DOT Highway Division district offices on O‘ahu and Kaua‘i.
        The “Lead by Example” initiative is part of Act 96, which was signed by Governor Lingle last year and reaffirms the state’s responsibility to establish a secure energy and economic future for the people of Hawai‘i.

承擔為台灣：台灣的生機，民主的希望 
(2008年0113承擔為台灣晚會演說)
演說實況
http://www.wretch.cc/blog/FrankCTHsieh&article_id=9147307#postComments

演說詞:
承擔為台灣：台灣的生機，民主的希望 (2008年0113承擔為台灣晚會演說)

今天晚上風很大，我看到很多人堅強，眼眶泛紅卻說是風大，不願意承認是眼淚。
很多人很擔心在問，是不是民主的希望沒有了？本土政權的香火是不是斷了，未來怎麼走？未來台灣的政黨怎麼變化？
這是所有關心台灣的人心中共同的疑問。
人民投票做的決定，我們要謙虛反省的接受人民的決定。
面對人民給民進黨給警告、教訓，民進黨要謙虛接受。我要在此強調，我們要蹲的更低，來聆聽人民跟土地的聲音。我要跟人民講，你們給民進黨的教訓跟警告，我們聽到了！

但是今晚我要說，我們沒有太多時間悲傷留眼淚，大家擦乾眼淚，選舉還沒結束，為了台灣，為了民主的制衡，我們必須繼續爭取勝利，贏回台灣人的尊嚴。
我跟蘇貞昌都做過黨主席跟行政院長，因此我們要承擔一部分責任，在此，我們要深深一鞠躬向大家表示我們的歉意。
27年前我們投入政治，我現在在想，當初的初心是什麼？當初在戒嚴之下，國民黨一黨獨大，不知道在把台灣帶到何處，人民無法安心，沒有安全感，
所以那時我提出民主、制衡、進步。因此我們投入政治，建立解除戒嚴、政黨制度、媒體新聞自由，這就是當時的初心。
但昨晚看到國民黨拿到國會四分之三的席次，變成恐怖的多數，甚至可以為所欲為，讓我感受到責任更加重大，總統如果再被國民黨拿走，台灣要走向何處？
台灣是否會回到過去的不安政治環境，活在一個沒有制衡、無法控制的環境下？因此我們責任更重大，一定要贏得322總統大選。
希望人民給我們一次機會，讓我們再建立一個有制衡制度的政治，讓台灣人民可以安心、讓企業安心、讓下一代安心。
從今天起選舉所有政策、路線，我負百分之百的責任。第一，我們要建立安定政治，讓生意人好好作生意，讓要投資的人可以安心來台灣投資。第二，我提倡建立共生和解的社會，不論河洛、客家、原住民、外省人、外籍配偶，我們都把台灣當成自己故鄉，當成溫暖的家，沒有任何族群在我當總統下，會被排擠排斥，大家都會互相尊重安心過日子。第三，我提倡幸福經濟，我覺得經濟發展，如果不能照顧艱苦的人、照顧勞動者、農民、弱勢，
那這樣的經濟發展是沒有意義的。尤其是過去奉獻的農業可以被回報，勞工可以獲得保障，
讓經濟成長與社會公道可以平行，經濟成長要幫助永續經營，不能把下一代的資源耗費殆盡。
雖然馬英九批評這樣的思想是不尊重自由市場，但我認為他是錯的。
自由經濟也要尊重艱苦人的生存問題，這是政府的責任。例如說大都市房價高，像台北市一坪八十萬、一百萬，年輕人五萬元的月薪買不起，這是自由經濟無法解決，政府應該提供更多的公有土地、國有土地來蓋房子，讓人人有屋住，這樣的社會才健康，才是讓年輕人覺得有希望的社會，否則失靈的市場經濟，是政府的無能。第四、過去我們只注重經濟成長數字，但未來我們應該更重視充分就業，讓工廠可以在台灣生存，不要一窩瘋往大陸跑，造成台灣勞工失業問題。也許中小企業對GDP成長貢獻不大，但卻對就業有幫助，這樣經濟成長才有意義。
這就是幸福經濟，也是台灣該走的路，台灣要變成生活品質最高的國家，台灣要變成溫暖的家，
不論你在中國、越南、印度或其他國家，都會想要再回來台灣，因為台灣是個共生和解，有溫暖有愛的國家。
當然我會堅持台灣的主體性，但也會採取開放性兼顧的政策，來解決一些企業的問題。但如果台灣主權獨立的現狀無法維持，那我們一起打拚出來的都是空的，我們的努力，我們的建設都是別人的。
我們要保持台灣主權獨立的現狀，但也希望與中國和平相處。我們可以很友善的跟中國談判協商，
也可以很善意的跟中國做朋友，但是不會犧牲台灣的地位、主權跟尊嚴，這就是未來要走的路。但如果322無法贏得總統大選，國民黨絕對優勢的國會，再加上國民黨的總統，這樣台灣人民很微弱的聲音，絕對會被忽視，以後台灣人民會在台灣民主缺席，這也是昨晚我睡不著的原因。最後，我想到一首詩「風愈大我愈要走」：
「感謝日頭甲阮炤、互阮勿驚烏洽寒，露水來甲阮沃，互我根基崎會在，勿驚風颱來。」
感謝台灣人民給我們警告和考驗、感謝人民給民進黨的教訓，讓我們根基在，不怕颱風來。
拜託大家跟我手牽手心連心，我們一定要在322贏回來，不是贏選票，而是贏我們的尊嚴與希望。
謝謝大家。

Wave Energy Renewable Energy Project: Wave Dragen, Demark
20Kw lab type now
4MW full-scale prototype in the near future.
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=r7-EPR8Ss6M&eurl=http://www.wavedragon.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=43&Itemid=68



Another type: Pelamis:
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=7TSmYmV23W0&feature=related
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcA3e8_j8XA&feature=related
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=GKry06Z6VWE&feature=related
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=4VplKt-vzK8&feature=related

生質燃料，歐盟坦承奪糧毀地 
工商時報 2008/1/17 
        歐盟環保當局坦承，增加生質燃料用量可能導致糧食價格上漲和雨林因開墾種植生質燃料作物被破壞等負面衝擊，歐盟將重新檢討有關運輸燃油必須有10%為生質燃料的政策，因為當初制定政策時沒有考慮到這些問題。歐盟委員會環境執委迪馬斯（Stavros Dimas）表示，現在是寧願沒有達成生質燃料目標，以免傷害到窮人或者環境。一些環保團體和非政府組織強烈批評歐盟的10%生質燃料目標，將破壞環境和迫使窮人流離失所，因為有錢的公司將驅逐窮人挪出空地，以便種植生質燃料作物。去年3月，歐盟領袖同意在2020年以前，達到生質燃料占運輸燃料10%的目標。歐盟當時推出生質燃料義務（biofuels obligation）的策略，要求燃料供應商的市售產品，必須有一定比率以上的生質燃料，以此做為減免能源稅收的配套措施。環境執委會預定23日公布有關生質燃料產量的法規，鼓勵使用替代能源。不過在法規公布前，一些研究報告警告10%的目標可能帶來負面結果。他們認為，現有的歐盟法規草案未保護重要生態體系，例如可能因擴展種植能源作物以達到歐盟目標而受到威脅的熱帶稀樹大草原和永久性綠地。他們發表聲明說：「破壞這些可吸收碳的草原，將導致更多碳排放到大氣中，因此降低或抵消了使用生質燃料的好處。」這些組織也指出，「大規模生產生質燃料可能產生一些負面的間接影響，例如造成糧食和飼料價格上漲，使水源更稀少，對全球窮人不利。」由於生質油產業搶購玉米，玉米價格去年底漲到11年新高。歐盟主管當局承諾將擬出新辦法，例如制定對生質燃料的認證機制，承諾不會採用會破壞印尼雨林的棕櫚油生質燃料，確保歐盟制定的目標不會對環境及窮人造成傷害。生質燃料和石化燃料都是植物、樹木和動物廢料的產物，不同的是，石化燃料必須經過千百萬年的過程，生質燃料可直接生產。可製造生質燃料的農產品有玉米、大豆和油菜籽等。 (2008/1/17, ref.聯合新聞網)

 

 

把愛找回來!

http://www.armfilms.com.tw/movies/augustrush/

海底新能源 農委會投入海藻生質酒精研發

2008-01-10 17:06

國際油價高漲，各國紛紛搶種生質能源作物，除陸上的甘蔗、玉米、大豆、向日葵，海裡也有生質能源原料！行政院農委會水產試驗所今年選定龍鬚菜、馬尾藻兩種大型海藻，投入海藻生質酒精研發，希望很快能把海藻化為能源。

國際油價狂飆，各國紛紛開發生質柴油、生質酒精，目前主要以甘蔗、玉米、大豆、向日葵為原料，連帶造成大宗穀物價格上揚；其實除陸上作物，海裡也有生質能源原料，那就是海洋性微細藻與海藻。

農委會表示，肉眼看不見的微細藻類，因為成長快速，又能儲存油脂，一直被視為有潛力的生質柴油原料，綠藻、矽藻都被認為極適合提煉生質柴油。過去國際間也曾研究以大型海藻如巨藻、昆布等作為酒精原料，最終都因生產成本過高或技術瓶頸而失敗。

隨著油價高漲，各國再將研發重點轉向海洋藻類生質能，農委會水試所決定投入大型海藻生質酒精研發，鎖定龍鬚菜及馬尾藻這兩種大型海藻。

農委會表示，龍鬚菜、馬尾藻分別屬於紅藻、褐藻類，含有豐富的多醣成份，可藉由生物技術轉化為酒精，龍鬚菜過去是提煉洋菜的重要原料，在台灣已有多年陸上養殖歷史，生產技術相當成熟；水試所水產加工組已成功從民間生產的龍鬚菜提煉酒精，現正逐步改善酒精轉化效率。

馬尾藻為多年生長的海藻，每年冬、春兩季大量繁生於潮間帶，根據水試所東港生技研究中心調查，光是恆春萬里桐地區，在自然條件下單位面積馬尾藻年產量比龍鬚菜高出10倍之多。

農委會表示，除作為生質酒精原料，海藻養殖過程也可減緩水域優養化、吸收二氧化碳，對海洋資源培育更有正面的效果，一舉數得。

從這次立委 KMT和DPP席次比為81:27, DPP佔總席次的25%
而從類似的單一選區只能選單一候選人的2005年縣長選舉結果來看, 
2005年金馬地區除外,   縣市長當選率為 14:6(DPP佔30%)
    
以選舉板圖來說, 濁水溪以北向來就是KMT的天下,
這次由30%席次(縣市長)減少成25%, 尤其在屏東, 高雄縣, 嘉義縣被KMT搶進此地區
, 某種程度表示了此三縣(新系縣長)的縣政令縣民不儘滿意, 
這是我們在責怪阿扁領導選舉失利時應該同時拿出來討論的.

=============================================================================（中央社記者李佳霏台北十二日電）首次實施「單一選區兩票制」的第七屆立法委員選舉結果今晚揭曉，全部一百一十三個席次中，國民黨獲八十一席，民進黨二十七席，無黨團結聯盟三席，親民黨一席，未經政黨推薦一席。
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To be proud of being a Taiwanese!

http://www.taiwanus.net/news/show.php?id=16723

瑞典的 2020大夢打造世界第一個無油國

 

    

2006 年，當全世界都為了油價節節高漲而恐慌、因高爾的《不願面對的真相》紀錄片而憂心氣候變遷時， 瑞典總理發表了一個「邁向2020的無油國家」宣言，驚豔全世界。 一夕之間，大家對這個北方國家充滿好奇心，難道能源解決方案就在這裡了？一旦完成目標，瑞典將是世界上第一個以替代能源為主的「無油經濟體」。未來輸出全球的淨化科技，更可能是最強盛的國際競爭力。 8月底、 9月初的瑞典，已經比台灣的冬天還要冷。 走在首都斯德哥爾摩的馬路上，即使有太陽，風吹過來，還是冷颼颼的，下班交通巔峰時段，也絕少有一絲大城市常見的躁動。

 

走在這樣的城市裡，不敏感的觀光客、外來客，可能很難注意到，這個安靜的城市，其實和世界上許多城市不太一樣。 這應該是全世界綠色能源的典範城市了。

 

 

斯德哥爾摩，跑的是喝酒精、吸沼氣汽車 

一輛輛減速準備靠邊載客的公車，不管紅色或是藍色，車身上都以白色油漆寫上「Ethanol」（生質酒精）、或「Biogas」（沼氣），代表油箱裡裝的不是會排放大量二氧化碳的石油，而是從甘蔗、玉米或木頭提煉出來的生質酒精，或是從廢水與其他廢棄物提煉的生質沼氣。

 

這樣的公車在全市區共有300多部。

 

 

繞進市區內無人服務的加油站，三個加油機中，有一個貼上大大的"E85"標誌，那是摻入 85％ 酒精燃料進入 15％ 石油中，可減少排放二氧化碳 80％ 排放的生質燃料，價格還比一般汽油便宜1∕3。

 

一位穿著輕便的中年男子，把信用卡在加油機上輕 輕刷一下後，熟稔地拿起加油槍加油。

 

在他後面，還有兩、三輛車排隊等候。

 

不僅公車、加油站不一樣，斯德哥爾摩的計程車、私人汽車也很不一樣。

 

靠近中央車站的喜來登旅館外面，計程車招呼站停 了一列約十輛的計程車。

 

靠近一看，黃色的車身上，有的寫上瑞典文 "Miljo Taxi""Ekero Taxi"，或"Hybrid"，都是環保車的意思。

 

還有些計程車外表不寫字，乾脆畫一片綠葉、一團 花簇或是三角型的資源循環標誌，告訴民眾它們是環保車。

 

Hybrid Bus

 

「換開環保車之後，到機場可以停在快捷車道上，不必排隊，可以更快載到客人」 ， 一位滿臉灰鬍子、駕駛 Hybrid（油電混合）計程車的司機笑著說，政府獎勵開環保車，好處多多，來回機場一天可以多載四到五個客人以上。 
Hybrid Taxi

 

 

至於私人汽車，去年斯德哥爾摩各式環保車已達新車銷售比例20％。 預計到2010年，可達35％。

 

 

除了汽車，台灣 最常看到的交通工具 就是摩托車。

 

但 在斯德哥爾摩，卻是腳踏車 。

據斯德哥爾摩市政府統計，天氣好時，市中心區域 70萬、80萬人口中，每天都有10萬人騎腳踏車上下班，平均單程距離為 十公里 ，所以很多瑞典公司都會在辦公室設有淋浴設備，讓汗流浹背的員工，沖洗完身體再上班。

 

 

市中心區域每天都有 10萬人騎腳踏車上下班。

 

 

為了推廣綠色交通， 斯德哥爾摩市政府的公務車已經60％都是環保車 ；若是 想要跟市政府做生意的計程車或貨運公司，基本條件之一是環保車佔車隊1∕4以上 。 點點滴滴、方方面面，被湖泊環繞的北歐第一大城 斯德哥爾摩，已經引領世界各國，朝向乾淨能源的新生活邁進。

 

瑞典總理：2020年，我們國家Oil-free！

 

 

就在2006年，當全世界都為了油價節節高漲而恐慌、因高爾的《不願面對的真相》紀錄片而憂心氣候變遷時， 瑞典總理發表了一個「邁向2020的無油國家」 宣言（ Making Sweden an Oil-free Society by 2020），堪稱驚豔全世界。

 

     SunEdison announced that the 8.22-megawatt Alamosa, Colo., photovoltaic (PV) solar plant was activated yesterday, ahead of its scheduled completion date. It is the largest solar PV plant in the United States supporting substation loads for a major public utility. The solar plant was financed and built and will be maintained by SunEdison, under a Solar Power Services Agreement (SPSA). Under the SPSA, Xcel Energy will buy renewable energy credits and the solar power generated by the Alamosa plant for 20 years.

SunEdison's Alamosa Project - Now in Operation

In March, Colorado Governor Bill Ritter, signed into law legislation that requires utilities such as Xcel Energy to derive 20 percent of its power from renewable energy sources by 2020. The groundbreaking for the new solar power system was held in April and was attended by Gov. Ritter, U.S. Sen. Ken Salazar, and executives from SunEdison and Xcel Energy. 
   “Colorado is advancing to a New Energy Economy through projects such as this in the San Luis Valley. It provides clean power to the state, protects our environment, and brings jobs and revenue to rural communities. The SunEdison solar power plant is a great example of how our state is taking advantage of renewable energy,” said Gov. Ritter.   
   “With help from Governor Ritter and leading organizations including Xcel Energy and SunEdison, Colorado is emerging as the renewable energy capital of the nation with the deployment of the Alamosa photovoltaic solar plant and many other initiatives using solar, wind and bio-fuels,” said United States Sen. Ken Salazar. “The development of renewable energy resources will help to secure our energy independence, strengthen our national and economic security and conserve our natural resources while revitalizing our long-ignored rural communities. It is a win-win for everyone.” 
    Building the solar power plant to support the substation created approximately 50 new jobs in Alamosa and the San Luis Valley. Now completed, the plant provides ongoing employment for a small, locally based maintenance crew.
    The solar power plant near the substation is unique in that it consists of three distinct types of solar technologies: 
- Single axis tracking array 
- Fixed-mount array 
- Dual axis tracking array with photovoltaic concentrator  
    technology 
   According to Karen Hyde, vice president of resource planning and acquisition at Xcel Energy, “This is a unique facility – three types of solar technologies have been deployed in parallel. Performance monitoring will allow us to study the system’s performance and evaluate the relative benefits of each technology over the system’s expected 20-year lifespan.” 
   “Xcel Energy is an excellent partner, and is clearly committed to providing clean energy for its customers,” said Tom Rainwater, CEO of SunEdison. “We are also thankful for the environmental leadership of Governor Ritter and Senator Salazar. That leadership helped us to commission this project two weeks ahead of schedule. Xcel Energy and the state of Colorado have become leaders in creating policies and solutions to meet energy needs to the benefit of residents and the environment.” 
     The Alamosa solar plant is on roughly 80 acres of land near the substation in Alamosa and San Luis Valley in Colorado. The facility will generate approximately 17,000 Megawatt hours annually, delivering enough clean energy to power 1,500 homes. The Alamosa photovoltaic solar plant will generate enough clean energy to remove the carbon emissions produced by cars driving 765 million miles over 20 years.
Further details about: SunEdison

 

 全球暖化

                       

認識「全球暖化」 二氧化碳及其他溫室氣體的過量排放，導致太陽熱能囤積在大氣層中，造成地球的溫度上升，即所謂的「全球暖化(Global Warming)」現象。而絕大多數的科學家相信，全球暖化的成因和人類活動脫不了干係。因為舉凡汽車的化石燃料、使用燃煤發電的發電廠、森林過度砍伐、農地的流失，都是大量溫室氣體及二氧化碳的排放來源。 根據最近研究數據顯示，目前的二氧化碳含量比過去65萬年都來得高；過去50年來，全球平均氣溫以有史以來最快的速度持續上升；史上最熱的十年都發生在最近的14年。而聯合國政府間氣候變遷小組(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 簡稱「IPCC」)的調查報告也指出，人為溫室氣體的持續累積將使得下個世紀的「溫室效應增強，造成全球地表平均氣溫暖化」，除非能採取適當措施減低溫室效應氣體的排放，否則溫度將會持續增加，到本世紀末，將可能向上攀升三至九度。 空前的浩劫 人為因素所造成的全球暖化問題，已經導致一連串全球氣候異常連鎖反應，並且對地球生態造成嚴重的威脅：目前至少有279種動植物將棲息地往高緯度移動、海鷗2000年首度出現在北級圈內、北極熊被列為瀕危物種、植物花期錯亂、動植物生長季縮短…不僅全球生態秩序大亂，人類生存環境也岌岌可危。2003年，熱浪在歐洲造成3萬人喪生，並在印度造成1,500人喪命；過去的30年來，全球熱帶暴風、颶風數量明顯倍增。世界衛生組織更預估，未來25年內，全球因氣候異常災害喪生的人數，一年將高達30萬人。令人憂心的是，這一切似乎只是大自然反撲行動的開端而已… 科學家預估，在不久的未來，地球上的洪水、暴雨、旱災、森林大火、致命熱浪等極端的氣候變化將日趨頻繁且越演越烈；流行性傳染病會大量散播；極地冰原、冰山的迅速融解將導致全球海平面上升六公尺以上，而全球沿海地區都將慘遭滅頂；預計到了西元2050年(或甚至更早)，北極圈的海冰將全數消融殆盡、數以百萬計的物種將面臨絕種危機。

抗空污 巴黎推電動車出租計畫

 

更新日期:2008/01/06 04:09

 

編譯羅彥傑／特譯

 

    法國社會黨出身的巴黎市長德拉諾埃為對抗塞車與空氣污染，準備發起提供自助式電動車給市民使用的新運動。據英國泰晤士報指出，他打算提供二千輛電動汽車，使用者只須付每小時僅數歐元的超低租車費，全天二十四小時都可在數十處地點借車，無須預約，且可停放在市內任何地方。

 

   自由車 每小時僅數歐元

 

   這項所謂「自由車服務」，是根據歐洲與美國已有的小規模服務做進一步擴大，而且可與去年七月推出的出租單車計畫相輔相成。德拉諾埃提供二萬輛單車，並在全市設置五千個租車站，自推出以來叫好又叫座，估計使用人次已達一千一百萬，在巴黎騎單車變得極為方便。去年十一月法國運輸業大罷工時，巴黎人與通勤族就非常依賴這項交通工具。

 

    德拉諾埃說，不會造成污染的電動車，將讓巴黎人進行短程載客與載貨，無須大費周章地請人開車或自己開車，也省去相關花費。今年三月將競選連任的他，已拒絕徵收塞車費，而電動車的構想正好可做替代方案。

 

    正如出租單車構想一開始被人用懷疑眼光看待，「自由車」的可行性也受到質疑。德拉諾埃的綠黨副手鮑平擔心，巴黎人可能會放棄才剛建立的騎兩輪單車習慣。他說：「不應鼓勵單車計畫的使用者以開車取代騎車。」有些專家也質疑，經營成本遠高於單車的電動汽車能否像單車一樣獲得廣告商贊助。

 

    不過，德拉諾埃的市府團隊估計，一輛自由車可以取代五至十輛自用車。巴黎市民僅四十三％有自用車輛，其中九十五％的車輛都是任意停車。

 

    德拉諾埃目前是法國人氣最旺的社會黨人與未來可能的總統參選人。一般預料他本月就會公佈電動車計畫的細節，作為競選連任的政見。矢志讓巴黎成為世界環保首都的他，目前遙遙領先薩科茲總統的愛將 巴那弗勒 女士。 巴那弗勒 女士也推出自家版的二千五百輛自助汽車方案相抗。

 

France Sets Ambitious Renewable Energy Targets 
by Jane Burgermeister, European Correspondent

      Wind and solar power are at the heart of a big new push by the French government to increase the renewable share of the country's total energy consumption from 6.7 percent in 2004 to 20 percent by 2020. 
      "These targets mark a new era in the development of wind and solar power in France, and though they are ambitious, they can be achieved."-----Jean-Michel Parroufe, Renewable Energy Division Head, French Environment and Energy Management Agency
       The government has set the target of raising its installed capacity for wind power from 810 megawatts (MW) in 2006 to 25,000 MW by 2020. Also, installed capacity for photovoltaic (PV) power is to increase from 32.7 MW in 2006 — about 100 times less than Germany — to 3,000 MW by 2020.
       In addition, 5 million solar thermal units are to be installed in buildings by 2020, 80 percent of these in homes.
       Biomass accounts for two thirds of all the renewables used in France today and hydro power for another third. Solar and wind power still play a marginal role.
       "These targets mark a new era in the development of wind and solar power in France, and though they are ambitious, they can be achieved," Jean-Michel Parroufe head of the renewable energy division at the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (Ademe, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie), told RenewableEnergyAccess.com.
       He said the plan would change the structure of France's primary energy consumption — 275 million TOE (tons of oil equivalent) in 2006 — so that 20 percent would come from renewables, 25 percent from nuclear and 55 percent from fossil fuels by 2020, saving 20 million tons of oil.
     "From now on a bigger range of renewable energies, and not just biomass, will help meet the challenge of fighting global warming in France," Parroufe said. 
      Parroufe, however, admitted it would not be easy for France to reach the target for wind. 
     With just 810 MW of installed capacity, France is the third biggest market in Europe behind Germany with 2233 MW and Spain with 1587 MW.
     Installed wind capacity has been growing rapidly, doubling in 2004 and also in 2005 following a change in the law that had prohibited the state electrical company EDF Electricity France from buying electricity from wind parks over 12 MW.
     According to Parroufe, the most difficult part of meeting the wind target will be "finding enough good sites for the wind turbines because they shouldn't spoil the landscape. It is a big target but we believe the right financial and legal framework is in place and we can make a leap forward in wind power," he said.
     The government has already laid solid foundations for growth in renewables by introducing more favorable feed-in tariffs for electricity from wind and solar power in July 2006 as well as tax breaks.
      As a result of the tax breaks, solar thermal systems grew by 80 percent in 2006 to reach 210 MW of installed capacity.
      Growth in PV installed capacity was 150 percent in 2006 boosted by a base feed-in tariff of 30 cents per KW/h for PV electricity in cities, said Rachel Massion from Enerplan, the Professional Association for Solar Energy [Association Professionelle de l'Energie Solaire].
     "We expect the same sorts of figures this year and in the future," Rachel Masson told RenewableEnergyAccess.com. "Photovoltaics are growing at different rates in different parts of the country depending on the policies of the local authorities."
       The Pays de Loire has become the leader in France with 1.4 MW of installed capacity followed by the Languedoc Rousillon, which has 1.18 MW because of special incentives for integrating solar panels into buildings.
       Also, the city of Narbonne plans to build a 9 MW PV station to supply energy for public buildings and street lighting.
       In spite of the growth in the wind and solar sectors, biomass will continue to provide the lion's share of renewables in France even in 2020, Parroufe said. 
       With 9.3 million TOEs in 2006, France is the biggest consumer of fuel wood in Europe after Sweden and Finland: more than 40 percent of all domestic heating systems in the country today use wood as fuel — and the number is growing.
        However, Parouffe said that expanding the use of biomass would require setting up a better network for collecting wood from the country's forests.
        Other measures that the French government has announced on the renewable front include huge new investments in renewable energy research, like developing second generation biofuels.
        To boost the use of biogas, in 2006 the government increased the price by 50 percent as an incentive for drivers to use cleaner cars, such as electric and hybrid models. 
        Also, energy performance certificates recording the carbon emissions of new cars became obligatory in May 2006 and financial incentives were introduced to make cars with low carbon emissions more attractive.
        The President of France Nicolas Sarkozy announced the new push for more renewables and more energy-efficiency to fight climate change in October following a three-month consultation period with representatives from environmental, business and social groups.
        He said that cutting carbon emissions would be factored in to all government decisions in the future, including the construction of new buildings and the handling of waste.
        The French parliament is set to pass the law in 2008.

In France, Nuke will go down to 25% by 2020, difficult but worth to welcome policy.