系統公告
最新的記事
每月記事
- Nov 2009(13)
- Oct 2009(13)
- Sep 2009(20)
- Aug 2009(17)
- Jul 2009(47)
- Jun 2009(43)
- May 2009(15)
- Apr 2009(24)
- Mar 2009(37)
- Feb 2009(49)
- Jan 2009(37)
- Dec 2008(22)
- Nov 2008(26)
- Oct 2008(17)
- Sep 2008(3)
- Aug 2008(28)
- Jul 2008(13)
- Jun 2008(24)
- May 2008(10)
- Apr 2008(16)
- Mar 2008(4)
- Feb 2008(2)
- Jan 2008(22)
- Dec 2007(7)
- Nov 2007(2)
- Sep 2007(5)
- Aug 2007(14)
- Jul 2007(14)
- Jun 2007(12)
- May 2007(4)
- Apr 2007(14)
- Mar 2007(25)
- Feb 2007(18)
- Jan 2007(15)
- Dec 2006(6)
- Sep 2006(5)
- Aug 2006(16)
- Jul 2006(14)
- Jun 2006(8)
- May 2006(9)
- Feb 2006(2)
- Jan 2006(9)
- Dec 2005(10)
- Nov 2005(10)
- Oct 2005(23)
- Jun 2005(3)
個人簡介
ＩＤ：bunhu暱稱：Bunhu
地區：臺北市
好時光貼曆
我推薦誰
誰推薦我
誰來我家
RSS 訂閱
贊助商
其它資訊
本部落所刊登之內容，皆由作者個人所提供，不代表 yam天空部落 本身立場。
CC授權
目前分類:
2009年07月的文章
檢視方式: 列表 摘要
July 30, 2009
香港第一個離岸風場已通過環境影響評估
EIA for Hong Kong's First Offshore Wind Farm
Ref: RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 2009/6/19
BMT Asia Pacific Ltd, a subsidiary of BMT Group Ltd, has successfully completed an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Marine Navigation Safety Risk Assessment for Hong Kong's first offshore windfarm.
"The constrained land resources of Hong Kong prohibit large-scale development, so we are very pleased to have assisted the implementation of this major offshore renewable project in Asian waters."
-- Richard Colwill, Managing Director, BMT Asia Pacific
-- Richard Colwill, Managing Director, BMT Asia Pacific
With up to 67 turbines spread over the 16 square km site, the proposed installation will have a capacity of 200 MW.
BMT concluded that a wind farm set in the open ocean of the South China Sea, 10 km east of Hong Kong, would not have a negative impact on marine or bird life, or the busy marine traffic activity of Hong Kong.
It also identified that the wind farm’s use of suction caisson foundations would avoid the need for dredging or marine piling, thereby minimizing the risk of hazardous offshore works, water pollution and ecological disturbance.
The study was commissioned by independent renewable energy developer Wind Prospect. If approved, it will be built by CLP, one of Asia’s biggest investors in renewable energy.
Richard Colwill, managing director of BMT Asia Pacific in Hong Kong, said: “This wind farm will be a key step in helping Hong Kong to meet its renewable energy targets and cut carbon dioxide emissions. The constrained land resources of Hong Kong prohibit large-scale development, so we are very pleased to have assisted the implementation of this major offshore renewable project in Asian waters.”
July 30, 2009
全球海洋能開發的困境
Ocean Renewable Energy Has Huge Potential But Not Without Giant Hurdles
by Stephen Lacey, Staff Writer, RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 2009/6/24
Since 1844, when the first tide wheel was built, inventors have been trying to harness the immense power of the ocean with little success. Now the next generation of engineers is trying to break the course of history and turn this niche industry into a major energy player.
"Show me the energy...Not a lot of these devices are actually generating electricity today."
-- Rob Cinq Mars, President, Free Flow Energy.
-- Rob Cinq Mars, President, Free Flow Energy.
In 1894, currents were used to compress air and run a turbine; today, waves are being used to compress air in an oscillating water column. In 1923, a patent was issued for a snake-like machine that used waves to run a hydraulic pump; today, Pelamis Wave Power has deployed (and since removed) an almost-identical machine off the coast of Portugal. And in 1946, a horizontal-axis turbine was invented to harness the currents of the ocean; today, Verdant Power is testing a similar device in the East River near New York City.
“Many people think this industry is new, but these devices have been around for a long time. You see a lot of the newer designs that are based on older designs,” says Rob Cinq Mars, President of the engineering consultancy Free Flow Energy.
The marine energy industry is generally broken up into a number of different technologies: wave, tidal, current, salinity gradient, ocean thermal and offshore wind. Offshore wind — while still very nascent — is one of the only technologies being deployed on a commercial scale.
There's a lot of excitement about wave and tidal technologies today — a result of the broader interest in clean energy. But Cinq Mars is cautious about some of the claims being made by companies. Many tout the benefits of their technologies, but few are actually close to achieving those claims.
“Show me the energy,” he says. “Not a lot of these devices are actually generating electricity today.”
The small bits of electricity actually being generated usually come in at the US $0.40 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) range.
Technological successes in marine energy over the last 165 years have been incremental. But with the emergence of new materials, sophisticated electronics and unprecedented amounts of money being invested in new ocean energy technologies, the industry is looking far different than it did in the past. In fact, says Richard Meyer, President of the Ocean Energy Council, it has changed more in the last few years than it has over the last century.
“Two or three years ago...it was really only small laboratory testing of devices. These days they've got things in the water, they've got sites selected and they're worrying about regulations. Things have really come a long way in a short time,” says Meyer.
Today’s marine renewable energy industry is commonly compared to the wind industry of the 1980's and early 1990's. At that time, there were many competing technologies being developed and thousands of turbines were broken during the testing process, says Meyer. Eventually, certain designs won out, parts for those machines were standardized, and a supply chain was created to service them.
The marine energy industry will have to go through the same culling process.
“We won't break thousands [of turbines] but it may be a lot before we get somewhere. Ocean energy is about 15 years behind wind energy, but it won't take 15 years to catch up,” he says.
With only 10 megawatts of installed marine energy capacity around the world, the industry has a long way to go before it catches up with the more than 120 gigawatts of global wind capacity.
In theory, the oceans could supply us with a lot of energy. The International Energy Agency estimates that tidal, wave, current, salinity gradient and ocean thermal technologies could represent more than 100,000 terawatt-hours of energy each year.
There remain a number of difficulties that companies must face in order to bring the industry to this scale.
The high cost of demonstrating projects remains a significant problem, especially recently because of the lack of capital available due to the financial crisis. As later stage companies get further along in the testing process, cash-burn rates accelerate and the need for capital increases. But many investors are hesitant to touch risky, unproven technologies.
Firms like Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) know a lot about the financial difficulties of later-stage testing. ORPC has been developing its cross-flow turbine for ocean and river currents since 2004. Last fall, it tested a 30-kilowatt (kW) pilot version in the Bay of Fundy off the coast of Maine. Bad weather, broken measurement instruments and incorrectly sized turbine foils were some of the setbacks the team experienced, says ORPC President Chris Sauer. When the company starts testing its 60-kW pre-commercial unit this fall, those setbacks will be much more expensive.
“We are in this for the long haul...we knew that we needed to find a really strong, strategic partner that has some financial strength,” says Sauer.
Like many other companies, ORPC was unable to raise any private equity after the financial markets broke down last fall. However, Sauer says that the company has teamed up with a strategic partner that will get it through the next testing phase and allow it to demonstrate the commercial viability of its turbine by the end of the year. ORPC has not yet released any details of the partnership.
Some companies haven't been as lucky. Pelamis Wave Power, which developed the first commercial-scale wave project off the coast of Portugal, is now trying to find a new investor. It's primary partner, Babcock and Brown, went bankrupt in March. In the meantime, the Pelamis devices are sitting idle while the company tries to find the money to fix them.
Another leading developer, Finavera Renewables, announced in February that it would temporarily abandon the wave energy business in order to focus on wind. That announcement came more than a year after its device sank off the coast of Oregon. Finavera says it will try to bring in new partners for future development of the AquaBuOY technology.
As if these short term testing problems weren't difficult enough, understanding the long-term viability of these devices is even more uncertain. None of them have been in the treacherous sea environment for very long.
“Everyone agrees that survivability is the key technology challenge,” says John Miller, Director of the New England Marine Renewable Energy Center. “I think in the past, there wasn't a full appreciation for the challenges involved. Now there is.”
Once technologies are ready to be deployed on a commercial or pre-commercial scale, a long and complex permitting process must be completed. This process can also be a problem for inexperienced, cash-strapped companies — especially in the U.S. where the layers of local, state and federal regulations can be difficult to navigate.
These demanding financial, technological and regulatory requirements will eventually weed out the weak companies and bring the companies with the best technology and project management skills to the top.
“You have to be able to do it all. If you want to be successful in this industry, you need to understand the whole package of project development,” says ORPC's Sauer. “This is not just about a technology.”
A number of players have entered the market without recognizing the scope of the challenges, he says.
“I do think in marine renewables, the euphoria has subsided a bit. People realize now what we realized a long time ago — that this is not an overnight thing. It takes hard work and it takes hard work over a long period of time,” says Sauer.
July 28, 2009
Solar Power: New SunCatcher Power System Ready For Commercial Production In 2010
Ref:ScienceDaily, 2009/7/17
Stirling Energy Systems (SES) and Tessera Solar recently unveiled four newly designed solar power collection dishes at Sandia National Laboratories’ National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF). Called SunCatchers™, the new dishes have a refined design that will be used in commercial-scale deployments of the units beginning in 2010.
“The four new dishes are the next-generation model of the original SunCatcher system. Six first-generation SunCatchers built over the past several years at the NSTTF have been producing up to 150KW [kilowatts] of grid-ready electrical power during the day,” says Chuck Andraka, the lead Sandia project engineer. “Every part of the new system has been upgraded to allow for a high rate of production and cost reduction.”
Sandia’s concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) team has been working closely with SES over the past five years to improve the system design and operation.
The modular CSP SunCatcher uses precision mirrors attached to a parabolic dish to focus the sun’s rays onto a receiver, which transmits the heat to a Stirling engine. The engine is a sealed system filled with hydrogen. As the gas heats and cools, its pressure rises and falls. The change in pressure drives the piston inside the engine, producing mechanical power, which in turn drives a generator and makes electricity.
The new SunCatcher is about 5,000 pounds lighter than the original, is round instead of rectangular to allow for more efficient use of steel, has improved optics, and consists of 60 percent fewer engine parts. The revised design also has fewer mirrors — 40 instead of 80. The reflective mirrors are formed into a parabolic shape using stamped sheet metal similar to the hood of a car. The mirrors are made by using automobile manufacturing techniques. The improvements will result in high-volume production, cost reductions, and easier maintenance.
Among Sandia’s contributions to the new design was development of a tool to determine how well the mirrors work in less than 10 seconds, something that took the earlier design one hour.
“The new design of the SunCatcher represents more than a decade of innovative engineering and validation testing, making it ready for commercialization,” says Steve Cowman, Stirling Energy Systems CEO. “By utilizing the automotive supply chain to manufacture the SunCatcher, we’re leveraging the talents of an industry that has refined high-volume production through an assembly line process. More than 90 percent of the SunCatcher components will be manufactured in North America.”
In addition to improved manufacturability and easy maintenance, the new SunCatcher minimizes both cost and land use and has numerous environmental advantages, Andraka says.
“They have the lowest water use of any thermal electric generating technology, require minimal grading and trenching, require no excavation for foundations, and will not produce greenhouse gas emissions while converting sunlight into electricity,” he says.
Tessera Solar, the developer and operator of large-scale solar projects using the SunCatcher technology and sister company of SES, is building a 60-unit plant generating 1.5 MW (megawatts) by the end of the year either in Arizona or California. One megawatt powers about 800 homes. The proprietary solar dish technology will then be deployed to develop two of the world’s largest solar generating plants in Southern California with San Diego Gas & Electric in the Imperial Valley and Southern California Edison in the Mojave Desert, in addition to the recently announced project with CPS Energy in West Texas. The projects are expected to produce 1,000 MW by the end of 2012.
Last year one of the original SunCatchers set a new solar-to-grid system conversion efficiency record by achieving a 31.25 percent net efficiency rate, toppling the old 1984 record of 29.4.
July 28, 2009
海莉 & 波伽利合唱 Time to Say Goodbye
Hayley Westenra(高雄世運來賓海莉) & Andrea Bocelli(波伽利) - Time to Say Goodbye
觀看次數：535,791
July 28, 2009
風力發電對電網的衝擊
How Utilities Integrate Wind Energy
by Jeff Anthony, American Wind Energy Association , 2009/6/29
The U.S. wind energy industry in 2008 shattered previous records by installing 8,435 MW of new generating capacity (generating enough electricity during a year to serve more than 2 million homes), making wind power a mainstream generating technology for electricity. New wind projects completed in 2008 accounted for more than 40 percent of the entire new power-producing capacity added nationally last year. U.S. wind energy generating capacity stands at 25,246 MW, producing enough electricity each year to power the equivalent of some 7 million households and strengthening the nation's energy supply with a clean, inexhaustible, homegrown source.
"[These studies] lay to rest one of the major concerns often expressed about wind power: that a wind plant would need to be backed up with an equal amount of dispatchable generation."
-- Utility Wind Integration Group
-- Utility Wind Integration Group
One concern surrounding wind power and its ability to provide a significant portion of the nation’s electricity supply in coming years is its variable output: Wind energy output is determined by Mother Nature, not by flipping a switch in a utility control room. Specifically, utilities and transmission system operators are frequently asked, or ask themselves, “How can we integrate larger amounts of wind power into our grid when the variable nature of wind energy output is not within our direct control?”That question largely has been answered. Recent studies, as well as European experience, have shown that utilities typically can add wind generation to their power supply mixes without major adjustments in planning and operations and without affecting their systems’ reliability.
To address the questions about wind energy variable output, utilities and grid operators have conducted wind-integration studies. What’s more, real-life wind power growth has accelerated in regions demonstrating that wind projects can be successfully integrated throughout the United States where robust and geographically large markets exist, with no significant problems or cost implications.
Necessary Components
Increasing numbers of wind-integration studies performed for systems in parts of North America continue to assess how to integrate larger penetrations of wind power into utility and system grids. These studies are being conducted to determine how a large share of variable resources such as wind power impacts transmission system operations. These studies continue to show that wind power can be accommodated into the electricity grid at penetration levels up to 20 percent with minimal costs and impacts on the system and other generators.
These studies frequently point to certain factors for wind power to be integrated successfully. First, they point to the need for robust markets and geographic scope to accommodate large wind energy penetration, and they almost always point to the need for more transmission capacity to accommodate more wind power. With larger markets representing a broader region, more resources can be used to accommodate the variable energy output from wind projects at lower costs.
Second, the studies show the benefits to system operation and to the control room operators that come from having reasonable wind plant output predictions: This is wind forecasting’s unique and important role. Wind forecasting techniques provide system operators in the control room with detailed, expected, wind plant power output forecasts, allowing operators to effectively anticipate and plan accordingly. They can determine whether they’ll need to bring additional resources on-line, ramp down other resources and so forth.
The Backup and Cost Questions
To address wind energy’s variability, some incremental generation might be required for system balancing. While this is not a reliability issue, it can add a modest amount to the electricity’s cost. These include the costs of keeping the generators available and ready to operate and the fuel cost for operating them. The exact amount depends on the mix of generation on a given system and other factors.
A document prepared by the Utility Wind Integration Group in coordination with the trade associations of all three utility sectors (investor-owned, public and cooperative), along with utility studies and wind-integration experiences found that:
Based on studies and surveys it conducted in different parts of the country, the Utility Wind Integration Group said, “(These studies) lay to rest one of the major concerns often expressed about wind power: that a wind plant would need to be backed up with an equal amount of dispatchable generation.”
(yelow colow: < 100MW; pink: > 100MW&<1000MW; Green:>1000MW)
Wind power in the United States will continue to grow, and the challenges of wind integration appear manageable. A 2008 U.S. Department of Energy report, “20% Wind Energy by 2030,” said that wind power can play a major role in meeting America’s increasing demand for electricity.
The 20 percent scenario analyzed in this report projects an aggressive increase in U.S. wind power growth. The portion of the study that looked at wind integration, however, found that the costs to integrate wind power are reasonable, reflecting the same results from the wind integration studies and real-life experiences documented to date.
Modest Challenges, Multiple Benefits
Wind power growth will present challenges and changes in grid operation, but they do not represent a major impediment to U.S. wind power growth. Utilities can integrate wind with little impact on operations or reliability. Wind power benefits utilities in ways beyond being clean and renewable.
Wind power provides a hedge against fossil fuel price volatility because the ongoing costs of wind energy are relatively fixed. This ability to hedge fuel price fluctuations in a utility generation portfolio, combined with increasing customer demand for renewable energy, makes wind energy more valuable to utilities than ever before. Thus, utilities are finding integrating wind manageable, and there are reasons to embrace the clean renewable energy because it makes good business sense. Modest changes promise to yield big benefits.
July 27, 2009
政院百億預算推綠能產業
· 2009-07-27
· 工商時報
· 【呂雪彗／台北報導】
行政院決定明（99）年度祭出百億元預算，將節能減碳化為16項旗艦方案，以政策手段營造邁向低碳家園環境，迫使產業界調整產業結構，收購售電新機制，獎勵發展太陽光電等再生能源產業，每度太陽光電收購電價約12至15元。
據了解，經濟部是從環境面、法規面、產業面等下手，營造促使住商運輸及生活等各部門，進行節能減碳大改造環境，進而展開行動，包括訂定永續能源基本法法制面改造，落實溫減法低碳能源結構改造，獎勵補貼購置低碳設備，建立購售電機制獎勵再生能源，人才培育及能源科技研究等。
經部推動的綠能產業旭升方案，明年擬投入94億元預算(Note:含在「國家型能源科技計畫」中)，大手筆發展綠能產業，將建立LED模組大廠及IP（專利）大廠，風力發電將建立自主風力發電系統，建立自有品牌行銷海外。此外，包括工研院等研發單位須技轉予國內一半以上太陽光電業者，使膜組效率達15％，薄膜效率達9％，矽晶效率達18％。
在獎勵再生能源部分，能源局半年內將完成再生能源發展條例15項子法，聘請學者專家組成價格審議委員會，研議收購電價新機制公式，並召開聽證會程序，藉以推廣再生能源產業。
其中，太陽光電板裝置補助設備一半的獎勵機制，將重新檢討。現行一度半額補助取消，參考德國對光電1000瓦補助30萬元計，太陽光電每度電收購成本約15元，但去年金融風暴後設備下跌，每度發電成本降至12元，若以裝置成本加5-7％投資報酬率，每度太陽光電收購成本約在12-15元之間，未來業者資金成本若有國外發行的公司債應否扣除，將聽取會計師意見。
此外，電動汽車及機車年底至明年匡列5億元預算補貼，汽車補助研發，機車補助消費者購買。
擴大內需方面，明年特別預算已爭取到10億元，將補助公共建設舖設安裝太陽光電板。LED照明，補助25縣市導入2500盞LED路燈。而建立低碳城市部分，將以低碳島先行示範，能源局已進入選址評估階段，擬優先選擇澎湖作為50％以上使用再生能源及社區民眾節能減碳示範島，進而再擴大至本島建立低碳社區及低碳城市。
July 27, 2009
對於中國家電下鄉概念股有期待的散戶趕快脫手你的中概股吧!
中國家電下鄉商機誰在大吹牛皮
中國家電下鄉商機誰在大吹牛皮
Ref: 自由時報, 日期:2009/07/25
〔記者林美芬／台北報導〕中國推出家電下鄉被馬政府、企業界甚至財經機構、分析師吹捧大半年，視之為台灣經濟還魂丹、大補丸，但在中國公布上半年家電下鄉銷售狀況後，相關說法和預估都成為笑話！
中國大補丸變成笑話
中國家電下鄉政策出籠之後，台灣政府官方及一些研究單位就大力吹捧其對台商機，經濟部工業局就宣稱有三千億元商機，且委託拓墣產業研究所做出研究，光是今年台灣電腦自有品牌可望納入五十億元新台幣商機，但中國統計出爐，上半年台灣電腦在家電下鄉政策中只賣出三百四十萬元台幣，簡直「牛皮吹很大」。
官方、財經機構吹噓
不只是台灣官方及受委託研究機構一廂情願看好，投顧公司及企業，也賣力吹噓中國這項政策的「惠台」效應，包括台灣工銀投顧、萬寶投顧、施羅德投信、復華投信等，拚命的強調電腦及零組件的受惠程度，但這些展望已落空，受惠的是中國廠商，上半年台灣廠商只有不到三百五十萬業績量。
復華數位經濟基金經理人潘鳳珍甚至以「大補丸」來形容。類似的內容，也充斥在今年上半年的股市節目中，很多分析師抓住家電下鄉議題，紛紛點名家電、汽車下鄉概念股，口沫橫飛的「拉抬」相關公司的業績。
分析師、企業跟著捧
不少企業也不放過這個議題，拚命勾勒自己公司未來前景。友達光電就樂觀預期今年可望在中國電視面板市場佔有率提升一倍；東陽集團總裁吳永茂認為，台灣前進大陸投資的車廠及零組件廠都可以吃到商機。
最令人感到諷刺的是櫻花衛廚中國總經理廖金柱宣稱，家電下鄉政策是櫻花的一場「及時雨」「今年是櫻花年」等；誰知道，這場雨在上半年只下出十三台的業績。
July 24, 2009
英國將在2020年前投資210億台幣在再生能源及潔淨能源
UK to cut emissions by 34% by 2020 – investing £450m in renewable and clean energy
Ref: renewableenergyfocus.com, 2009/7/15
The white paper released on July 15 by the UK Government, The UK Low Carbon Transition Plan, gives details of how the UK will meet the cut in emissions set out in the budget of 34% on 1990 levels by 2020 – and £450 million of investment for renewable and clean energy technologies.
The goals for 2020 include that over 1.2m people will be in so-called green jobs, 7m homes will see pay-as-you-save home energy makeovers, and more than 1.5m households will be supported to produce their own renewable energy. 40% of electricity will be from low carbon sources, from renewables, nuclear and clean coal – reducing gas imports by 50%, and new cars will on average emit 40% less carbon.
The Government pledges that the plan will not result in increased energy bills by 2015, but that by 2020, “the impact of ALL climate change policies, both existing and new, will be to add, on average, an additional 8% - or £92 – to today’s household bills.”
With the plan, key industries including offshore wind, marine power and carbon capture and storage, could benefit from the first allocations from the £405m funding for green industry and technology announced in the Budget.
The UK has also allocated carbon budgets to its Government departments to run alongside financial budgets. All in the name of cutting emissions by 34% by 2020 and by at least 80% by 2050.
Renewable Energy Strategy and Low Carbon Transport Plan
The Government has also published the Renewable Energy Strategy which maps out how it will deliver the UK’s target of getting 15% of all energy (electricity, heat and transport) from renewables by 2020, and the Government’s Low Carbon Transport Plan which sets out how to reduce carbon emissions from domestic transport by up to 14% over the next decade.
Energy and Climate Change Secretary Ed Miliband said: “Renewables, nuclear and clean fossil fuels are the trinity of low carbon and the future of energy in Britain. Under our plans we will get 40% of our electricity from low carbon energy by 2020 and more in the years afterwards. … In five months, the world must come together at Copenhagen and follow through on the commitment of world leaders last week to stop dangerous climate change. Today we have shown how Britain will play its part.”
Sector by sector
Utilities and transmission (Smart Grid)
Making electricity greener will achieve around 50% of the annual emissions cuts between now and 2020, with an expected 40% of electricity to come from low carbon sources by 2020 – 30% from renewables, the rest from nuclear (including new build) and clean coal.
To achieve this, up to £6m will be given to start development of a Smart Grid, including a policy road map in the spring of 2010. DECC is to take direct responsibility from Ofgem for establishing a new grid access regime within one year.
The Government has also announced the launch of the new Office for Renewable Energy Deployment in DECC to speed up the growth of renewables in the UK. £11.2m will be given to help regions and local authorities prepare for and speed up planning decisions on renewable and low carbon energy.
A consultation is also ongoing covering the changes to the existing Renewables Obligation, such as extending the life-time of the RO to at least 2037 and the introduction of a 20 year limit on support, to make it capable of delivering some 30% of our electricity from renewables.
Investing in offshore renewables
The Government has pledged further investment in offshore renewable energy technologies and industry.
The offshore wind industry will receive up to £120m, whereas wave and tidal energy could see up to £60m which includes:
o Up to £9.5m investment in the Wave Hub sub-sea socket off Cornwall and up to a further £10m funding to make the South West the UK’s first Low Carbon Economic Area;
o Up to £10m for testing facilities at the National Renewable Energy Centre in Northumberland and up to £8m for the European Marine Energy Centre in the Orkneys;
o Up to £22m for a new Marine Renewables Proving Fund for testing and demonstration of wave and tidal technologies.
Geothermal
The UK will spend £6m to explore areas of potential ‘hot rocks’ to be used for geothermal energy. The deep geothermal resource of the South West of England alone could meet 2% of annual UK electricity demand, the DECC says.
Domestic energy and FiT
Around 15% of the annual emissions cuts between now and 2020 will be achieved making homes more efficient and supporting small scale renewable energy, DECC says.
Consultation on the shape and rates of a new feed-in tariff (FiT) is to be in place by April 2010. A similar scheme for renewable heat will follow in April 2011. The current CERT energy efficiency programme will be extended by a year to 2012.
Transportation
Around 20% of the annual emissions cuts between now and 2020 will be achieved by in the transport sector. By 2050, road and rail transport could be largely de-carbonised.
The Government is releasing details on the kinds of electric and plug-in hybrid cars that could qualify for the £2-5000 consumer incentives expected to apply from 2011. This includes the requirement for the vehicle to have maximum tailpipe emissions of 75g CO2/km. An update has also been published on the infrastructure framework which is supporting this scheme.
Agricultural emission cuts
The agriculture sector could contribute with 5% to the annual emissions by 2020. Among the provisions, is support for anaerobic digestion, which turns waste and manure into renewable energy.
July 23, 2009
英國2010年將落後再生能源目標
England behind on 2010 renewable energy targets
Ref: renewableenergyfocus.com, 2009/7/15
England is behind on meeting its 2010 target of generating 10% of electricity from renewable sources, according to a report from the British Wind Energy Association (BWEA), ‘England’s Regional Renewable Energy Targets: Progress Report’.
The BWEA report states that on average across England only 50% of the renewable electricity generation will be met, with some regions such as the South West failing to reach even a third.
The report shows that overall the UK target for renewable energy will be met because both Scotland and Northern Ireland are set to outstrip their own targets.
In England and Wales, however, the BWEA report shows that a slow and ineffective local planning system is tying down windfarm planning applications for an average of 14 months, against a statutory guideline period of 16 weeks. It also shows that around a half of windfarm applications taken to appeal for refusal or non-determination are then approved, raising doubts about the ability of local planning authorities to deliver the nation's renewable energy programme.
Maria McCaffery, BWEA Chief Executive says: "The target based approach works – all it takes is the political will to deliver. In Scotland renewables targets were backed by a policy framework and decisive central Government action. As a consequence, Scotland achieved more installed capacity then it was aiming for, thus helping to improve the overall UK picture as we approach 2010. But, in England we need to think carefully on how to use the lessons learned from 2010, as we attempt to reach the binding EU wide 2020 targets."
The only part of England which has met its 2010 renewable energy targets is London, but London's overall contribution is around 2% of total nationwide renewable electricity.
The report also shows that there is enough renewable generating capacity approved, forecasting that the 10% figure will eventually be met, albeit with a significant delay. According to BWEA, this proves that in any future attempt to reach targets, decisions need to be made in a timely manner, so that there is enough renewable capacity consented on time, in order to be built on time.
"If we want to use 2010 as a dry run for 2020, timeliness and political initiative would be the two key lessons we should implement. A clear schedule of implementation backed by central Government, with a system of checks and balances as we approach 2020, will be crucial if we want to join the renewable energy revolution, and not be laggards in Europe," adds McCaffery.
July 23, 2009
德國第一個離岸風場開始營運
First Offshore Wind for Germany
Ref: RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 2009/7/15
The first wind turbine for Germany's alpha ventus project, the first offshore wind development for the country, has been installed by the Deutsche Offshore- Testfeld und Infrastruktur GmbH (DOTI) consortium.
"For the first time, wind turbines of this size are being constructed this far offshore in waters up to 30 meters deep. EWE, E.ON and Vattenfall are accomplishing a truly pioneering feat in the offshore wind industry," Wilfried Hube, overall project leader of alpha ventus
The DOTI consortium, comprising EWE, E.ON and Vattenfall, have completed construction of the first of 12 wind turbines(6 of REpower 5MW and 6 of Multibrid 5MW) for the €250 million development in the North Sea.
The 5 MW Areva Multibrid turbine is situated 45 km north of the island of Borkum. All 12 machines are scheduled to be in operation by the end of this year(Originally 2009 Sep.).
Construction work for the building and installation of the wind turbines has been underway since mid-2007 and construction of the wind turbines began in mid-April of this year after a first attempt had to be aborted in August 2008 due to bad weather. In September 2008, DOTI completed the offshore transformer station and an underwater cable was installed last year by Transpower GmbH to connect the transformer station with the German power grid.
The next step in the development is the phased launching of the first wind turbine. Also involved is connecting the turbine to the offshore transformer station, which will follow in the coming weeks. EWE will later be responsible for supervision and overall operational management of the newly constructed wind farm.
A webcam positioned on the research platform FINO1 is focused directly on the construction site and can be found here.
"This is a first for offshore wind energy utilization in Germany," says Wilfried Hube (EWE), overall project leader of alpha ventus, adding: "For the first time, wind turbines of this size are being constructed this far offshore in waters up to 30 meters deep. EWE, E.ON and Vattenfall are accomplishing a truly pioneering feat in the offshore wind industry and I am certain that alpha ventus will be a success story."
July 23, 2009
英國宣布長程減碳及再生能源政策
UK Announces Long-term Carbon Reduction and Renewables Strategies
Ref: RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 2009/7/16
This week the UK announced its strategy for meeting carbon emissions targets including a massive increase in renewable energy.
"We expect 40% of the electricity we use in 2020 to come from low carbon sources – 30% from renewables, the rest from nuclear(including new build) and clean coal. We need to all-but eliminate carbon from electricity by 2050," Ed Miliband, UK Energy Climate Change Secretary.
Plans announced this week by UK Energy and Climate Change Secretary, Ed Miliband, have been met with cautious praise by industry and environment groups.
The plan has three components: the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan sets out how the UK will meet the cut in emissions set out in the 2009 Budget of 34% on 1990 levels by 2020. (According to figures from the government, emissions have already fallen by 22% from 1990.)
Also published this week is the Renewable Energy Strategy, which maps out the UK government’s strategy for reaching the EU target of 15% of the UK’s total energy consumption from renewables by 2020, from around 2% today, and the government’s Low Carbon Transport Plan, which sets out how to reduce carbon emissions from domestic transport by up to 14% over the next decade. The strategy identifies a range of low carbon sectors with potential for job creation and growth. These include: wave and tidal power; civil nuclear power; offshore wind and ultra-low carbon vehicles. It also sets out the government’s strategy for removing barriers that are blocking the development of Britain’s full potential in these areas.
Publication of the Renewable Energy Strategy follows a year-long consultation process. It recommits the government to a massive increase in renewable electric power generation going up from 5% today to 30% by 2020.
Among key points of the Low Carbon Transition Plan are a huge increase in employment in the low-carbon sector, energy efficiency measures in buildings and transport and an increase in low-carbon power. As envisaged, the plan will see:
Responding to today’s government energy announcements, John Sauven, executive director of Greenpeace, said: “If this plan becomes a reality, it will create hundreds of thousands of green jobs and make Britain a safer and more prosperous country. This will be good for the British economy and, in the long-run, save householders money as we reduce our dependence on foreign oil and gas.”
The government announcements said that around 50% of the annual emissions cuts between now and 2020 will be achieved by further greening of the electricity mix. “We expect 40% of the electricity we use in 2020 to come from low carbon sources — 30% from renewables, the rest from nuclear (including new build) and clean coal. We need to all-but eliminate carbon from electricity by 2050,” said Miliband.
The UK Renewable Energy Association said that “while delivery will be the crucial test, and concerns remain, the announcements made today undoubtedly demonstrate a step-change in political leadership that is desperately needed to ensure renewables can tackle the serious threats of UK energy security and climate change.”
How Much Wind Power?
Earlier this week, the UK’s Confederation of British Industry called on the government not to rely heavily on wind power in its energy planning. Reacting to today’s announcements, Maria McCaffery MBE, chief executive of the British Wind Energy Association, said: “We welcome the government’s commitment to delivering on the 2020 targets. They have rightly ignored the siren calls to abandon wind as the driving force for reaching the targets. The RES provides a clear routemap for the growth of a new £60 billion (US $96 billion) industry and the creation of 60,000 UK jobs. However, industry is now looking for a cross-party consensus on the detail of delivery. This will help convince investors that the country is serious about fighting climate change and developing domestic, renewable sources of energy.”
The British Wind Energy Association has calculated that, based on the figures in last year’s draft strategy, this implies that 22% of all electricity will come from offshore and onshore wind and another 2% from marine technologies.
Although the strategy places a strong emphasis on wind to deliver the bulk of the targets, BWEA said it is surprised that the government has not taken the opportunity to give confidence to investors by clearly stating its ambition for the size of the sector, especially offshore.
David Porter, chief executive of the Association of Electricity Producers, reiterated to the need for clarity. He pointed to the massive investment in the UK electricity system required and a number of serious issues that have to be resolved. “Electricity companies need to invest well over £100 billion (US $160 billion, 5.36兆台幣) on new power production in the next 10 years and perhaps another £100 billion in the decade after. Companies want to invest, but, these are very large sums of money in a difficult financial climate. So, it is vitally important that the UK is an attractive place for energy investment,” he said.
Some Key Investments and Steps
The strategy also sets out the first investments from the £405 million (US $665 million) for low carbon industries and advanced green manufacturing announced at Budget 2009. Key investments related to renewables include:
Other related actions include:
Growing the Workforce
Commenting on the strategy, Trade Union Congress general secretary Brendan Barber said: “That will require a highly-skilled workforce, and it is very welcome that the government is recognizing today the need to help re-train workers who have lost their jobs in traditional manufacturing to give them the skills they need to take up jobs in the new, greener firms, and become part of the transition to a new style, low carbon economy … there is no conflict between economic success and a low-carbon world. Indeed the only prosperous future for the UK is to use our know-how to ensure that we become world-leaders in low carbon industries.”
Don’t Forget Heat
While the focus is on electric power generation and transport, heat is also an important issue. The Renewable Energy Association said that the announcement that renewable heat projects being built today will be eligible for the forthcoming Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) should help ease the paralysis in the renewable heat industry. A similar announcement has been made for Renewable Electricity Tariffs. However, the REA is still pressing for the RHI to be expedited as heat is the biggest single use of energy in the UK and renewable heat still has no dedicated support.
Graham Meeks, director of the UK Combined Heat and Power Association also welcomed the announcements, “but they are still only half the picture. No comprehensive energy strategy can be thought complete without fully factoring heat into the equation. And it is noticeable that it is still the junior partner in the strategy documents published today … We need to see a fundamental change in perspective in energy policy if we are to meet the challenge of arresting climate change in the most cost-effective way. Integration is key, as is a holistic vision. Compartmentalising energy policy in the way we have seen today is simply no longer an option. Such an approach to energy policy may be convenient, but it isn’t clever.”
The Money To Deliver?
Several groups have warned that the government needs to ensure an appropriate long-term budget to make sure the plans can be delivered. Robin Oakley, head of Greenpeace’s climate and energy team in the UK, said: “If Miliband’s vision was to become a reality it would create hundreds of thousands of green jobs and make Britain a safer and more prosperous country. But that won’t happen with the paltry budgets being offered by the Treasury. It is scandalous that Miliband’s low-carbon ambitions, which have potential to create whole new green industries, are met with a budget that is only about half the amount the Chancellor allocated for bonuses for a bunch of failed RBS bankers.”
July 23, 2009
西太平洋吐瓦魯群島公用事業部長Kausea Natano表示全國電力來源將會於2020年之前完全使用風力與太陽能等自然資源以取代傳統柴油發電，而政府預計將花費兩千萬美元興建發電設備
Tuvalu vows to go carbon neutral
The tiny Pacific island state of Tuvalu has said it wants all its energy to come from renewable sources by 2020.
Ref: BBC, 2009/7/20
Public Utilities Minister Kausea Natano said his nation of 12,000 people wanted to set an example to others.
Tuvalu is made up of a string of atolls with the highest point only 4.5m (15 ft) above sea level, making it extremely vulnerable to flooding.
The government hopes to use wind and solar power to generate electricity, instead of imported diesel.
"We look forward to the day when our nation offers an example to all - powered entirely by natural resources such as the sun and the wind," Kausea Natano said.
Inspiring others
Tuvalu and many other low-lying atolls in the Pacific, the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean fear that global warning could lead to sea level rises that could literally wipe them off the map.
Other nations - including Norway, New Zealand, Iceland and Costa Rica - have also vowed to become carbon neutral, reducing their emissions of greenhouse gases to zero.
Most of these countries have relatively small populations, and their pledges are unlikely to make a significant difference in the overall battle against global warming.
But many environmentalists say their stance is nevertheless important, as they provide a lead for other countries to follow.
OTHER NATIONS COMMITTED TO CARBON NEUTRALITY
Costa Rica
Ethiopia
Iceland
Maldives
Monaco
New Zealand
Niue
Norway
Pakistan
Portugal
Source: UN Environment Programme
"In a sense, they are paving the way for medium and larger economies which have to move if we are going combat climate change," Nick Nuttall, spokesman for the United Nations Environment Programme, told the French news agency AFP.
Tuvalu estimates it would will cost about $20m to generate all its electricity by using renewables. It has already begun the process by installing a $410,000 solar system on the roof of the main soccer stadium in the capital, Funafuti.
Ref: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/asia-pacific/8158604.stm
July 23, 2009
美國Exxon石油公司投入億台幣研發下世代生質能(藻類)
ExxonMobil to Launch US $600M(200億台幣) Biofuels Program
Ref:RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 2009年7月20日
Exxon Mobil Corporation has formed an alliance with biotech company, Synthetic Genomics Inc. (SGI), to research and develop next generation biofuels from photosynthetic algae.
Under the program, if research and development milestones are successfully met, ExxonMobil expects to spend more than US $600 million on algae fuel development, which includes $300 million in internal costs and potentially more than $300 million to SGI.
ExxonMobil’s engineering and scientific expertise will be utilized throughout the program, from the development of systems to increase the scale of algae production through the manufacturing of finished fuels.
“While significant work and years of research and development still must be completed, if successful, algae-based fuels could help meet the world’s growing demand for transportation fuel while reducing greenhouse gas emissions,” said Michael Dolan, senior vice president of ExxonMobil. “Our new algae biofuels program complements ExxonMobil’s ongoing efforts to reduce emissions in our operations and by consumers of our products, through both efficiency improvements and technology breakthroughs.”
July 23, 2009
遺忘 將讓我們成為共犯
◎ 蔡英文 2009/7/22
就在馬政府以拂曉偷襲方式將民主紀念館牌匾更換回「中正紀念堂」的五天前，也就是七月十五日解嚴紀念日，民進黨在自由廣場舉辦二二八暨白色恐怖受難者追思會。我與百餘位政治受難前輩或家屬一同出席，望著他們耄耄老矣的身影，再看看即將復辟的獨裁元凶紀念堂，心情沈痛無以復加。我不禁要問，我們怎能既要民主自由，卻又歌頌專制獨裁？我們怎能一面鄭重追悼犧牲者，一面又為屠夫掉下哀慟的眼淚？我們必須坦白地說，如果你在元凶的靈前哭泣，那就是對受難者的殘酷鞭笞，在遺屬和社會的傷口撒下鹽巴。如果你還要以人民的稅金和國家公共資源維持獨裁者的紀念堂，那就是對民主政治最嚴重的背叛、對人權價值最無情的踐踏！
二次大戰最大的教訓是戰爭的殘酷無情，但真正讓全人類共同從靈魂深處感到顫慄的，卻是二戰中的納粹大屠殺。同一個時期，亞洲也發生令人遺憾與痛苦的南京大屠殺。但是，納粹大屠殺讓世人看到的是生命的價值、人的價值，激發的是一種普世人權的信念。但令人遺憾地，對南京大屠殺的反應卻停留在民族主義的詮釋，看不到生命的神聖與人民的尊嚴。因此，共產中國的大屠殺、國民黨中國的大屠殺、國共之間的大屠殺，都在民族主義的偏激意識形態下，幾乎被完全遺忘。我們必須嚴肅的認識到，正是這種遺忘，讓凡夫俗子成為共犯結構；正是這種遺忘，讓專制獨裁者的整肅、屠殺隨時可能再度降臨。
國共大屠殺所犧牲的人命雖然高於日本侵華戰爭，但中國人或華人社會至今還欠缺對於國共大屠殺的反省與批判。不僅如此，國民黨政權和共產黨政權統治下，都刻意迴避面對過去的獨裁屠夫，毛澤東與蔣介石仍然是他們的們的黨國元勛、民族英雄，而那些被犧牲的人民則長埋大地被遺忘成為無聲的背景。
柏楊先生曾為綠島垂淚碑寫下詩句：「有多少母親，為他們被囚禁在綠島的孩子們，長夜哭泣。」如今國共和解，「一笑泯恩仇」攜手把他們對人民的大整肅、大屠殺歷史一起抹除。這樣的國共和談、兩岸交流，對那些二二八媽媽、綠島媽媽、天安門媽媽，等同於為自由的藍天披上了黑幕！對於台灣人民和中國人民，則等同於像當年以色列人一樣，擔心將要在巴比倫的河邊流浪！
我們拒絕紀念獨裁者，我們拒絕再度流浪，我們將堅持自由、民主之名，這是我們對先人的承諾，對自己的承諾，也是對後代子孫的承諾！獨裁者紀念堂的名稱，將得不到民主社會的承認，而這次復辟的推動者也將永遠為人民的歷史所記憶。
July 23, 2009
讓我們一起記住這一刻: 世運雄讚,台灣之光
全世界都在看
只有中國不願參加 開幕禮
這真是愛台灣 愛台灣的人趕快再欣賞哦
傳給全世界你的朋友
高雄世運開幕影音觀賞
海莉 華生 黃小琥阿信We are the champions 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EILlH416Cm0
海莉 華生祈願者(The Prayer)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZzgw62VDRk
羅素華生~公主徹夜未眠(Nessun Dorma)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RA3GKPUZO8
高雄世運三太子
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTEtVJK1qaE
活力高雄
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yuJVnKhpog
海莉奇異恩典(Amazing Grace)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqzpzbC4V7M
海莉月亮代表我的心
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtKrt-zI1D0
海莉淚光閃閃Nada Sousou
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3IO5toM4Yg
霹靂布袋戲
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtTQqNBVQVs
煙火秀
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGCm0DxtQ54
照片集
http//news.yahoo.com/....../...
July 19, 2009
【單車】智慧環保的公共自行車系統 (from ECO御宅綠活網站)
用力踩下單車踏板，除了環保、健身之外，有沒有可能也幫公車發電呢？一位來自台灣的設計師，透過傑出的設計概念，讓這樣的夢想變成了可能！
這是一套稱為Hybrid2的公共自行車系統，是來自台灣的設計師陳祁侑 Chiyu Chen，在倫敦所提出一個實驗性設計，目前他還在英國皇家藝術學院(Royal College of Art)就讀。 
Hybrid2這套公共自行車系統，藉由裝在前輪的發電機，來收集每一次輪軸轉動時所產生的電力，並在單車鎖回公共自行停車柱時，便會將儲存的電力，自動傳輸給Hybrid環保公車行駛時所需的電力。
為方便電力傳輸及通勤者的需要，這套公共自行車系統會被用放置在公車站附近，而停車柱的電子鎖與 RFID 讀取系統所需的電力，也是採用太陽能的永續發電。
這套系統最厲害的設計，就是所有騎乘公共自行車所"生產"的電量，可以透過一張辨識個人身分的晶片卡累積點數，可作來折抵公車與捷運等大眾運輸系統的車資。
圖中藍色箭頭說明了電力的流向；紅色的箭頭則說明累積電力點數的流向。
由設計師陳祁侑親自說明展示Hybrid2公共自行車系統的原理與設計。
由台灣設計師陳祁侑所設計的Hybrid2公共自行車系統，雖然還在概念產品的階段，但若有機會能被城市交通運輸系統採用的話，相信這個聰明又環保的設計，一定能對都會區單車通勤及大眾運輸系統的整合連結，產生革命性的影響與貢獻。
這個作品雖然在許多綠活設計的網站都有介紹，但都忽略這個優秀的設計師可是來自於台灣。不知道台灣這些負責交通運輸規劃的的高層官員們，有沒有留意到這個來自台灣子弟的優秀設計，如果有的話，千萬別讓其他城市捷足先登了
July 18, 2009
台灣民族獨立革命常識
台灣國民會議出版
電子版過大, 可向 bunhu_natea@yahoo.com.tw or bunhu_nmbv@yahoo.com
來e-mail索取
新書發表記者會 7/25 14:00~17:00
July 18, 2009
GE推動零能源屋/Smart Energy
GE Unveils Net Zero Energy Home Strategy
GE Unveils Net Zero Energy Home Strategy
Ref: GreenTech Media, 2009/7/14
General Electric will offer energy efficient appliances and lights, “smart” energy devices and power generation and storage technologies for the homebuilding market. A new home energy manager and smart thermostats will be available by early 2010.
General Electric wants to combine its energy efficient appliances, solar and wind power generation systems, energy storage systems and "smart home" networks to offer homebuilders a complete package to achieve the holy grail of energy efficiency – the "net zero energy home."
But that goal – a home that, over the course of a year, generates more energy than it uses – is "only possible with the full deployment of the smart grid," Steve Fludder, vice president of GE's Ecomagination division, said Tuesday at GE's Niskayuna, N.Y. research center.
That's the idea behind GE's new push into homes, the "end-points" of the electricity grid that GE is already briskly engaged in making smarter through technologies meant to provide digital data and two-way communications between utilities and their customers.
Adding to its line of devices like smart meters, grid sensors, wind power systems and energy storage systems, GE said Tuesday that it will release its own "home energy manager" early next year – a device to link appliances including a "smart" thermostat that it is developing.
"That will be the cybernetic brain that will interface between the grid and all these devices in the home," Fludder said. Combining the device with appliances, air conditioners and other devices that can adjust power use to save energy, and adding a 3-kilowatt solar panel array on the roof, should allow a typical home to make more energy than it uses over the course of a year according to GE's calculations, he said.
The home energy manager will likely cost $200 to $250 and is now being tested in pilot projects, said Kevin Nolan, vice president of technology for GE’s consumer and industrial division. As for new “smart” appliances, they’re also being tested in pilot projects and are expected to be about $10 more than traditional appliances, but rollout will depend on how quickly utilities can support them with time-of-use pricing schemes that can be digitally communicated to homeowners, he said.
Tuesday's news puts GE firmly in the smart home field, a space occupied not only by startups such as Tendril Networks, Energate, Control4, Greenbox Technology and Onzo but also by IT giants including Google, Microsoft and Cisco (see stories here, here and here).
It looks like at least one of those startups may get a boost of out GE's efforts to make homes net energy suppliers, however. Tendril, announced last week that it would integrate its home energy management software platform used by utilities to work with GE's dryers, refrigerators, washing machines and other appliances (see GE, Tendril Team Up on Smart Home Technology).
It might also be a boon to Silver Spring Networks, which is working with GE on smart meter deployments by utilities including Pacific Gas & Electric Co., Commonwealth Edison Co. and Florida Power & Light, (see GE, Silver Spring Land ComEd Smart Meter Pilot and A Million Smart Meters for Miami).
Bob Gilligan, GE's vice president of transmission and distribution, said the Miami project could serve as a test bed for integrating home energy management, distributed power sources like rooftop solar panels and plug-in electric vehicles.
GE on Tuesday added a few new projects to its smart grid list, including what it calls the Maui Smart Grid Project with the Hawaiian Electric Co. and Maui Electric Co. in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy, as well as a project in New Zealand.
GE also announced Tuesday its new "asset optimization" service – essentially a service to oversee energy devices it deploys to make sure they're working to best effectiveness. Its first such project is at an Eka Chemicals plant in Salaberry-de Valleyfield, Canada.
As for batteries, GE recently won a $100 million grant from the to develop high-temperature sodium batteries for grid energy storage as well as for trains, and has invested in lithium ion battery maker A123 Systems (see GE Aims For Energy Storage For Trains, Grid).
The DOE is promising billions of dollars of grants, loans and other support for smart grid, energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. On Tuesday it announced the latest program, aimed at providing $300 million to encourage consumers to buy energy efficient appliances.
July 18, 2009
歐巴馬總統在埃及開羅大學演講(2009/6/4)
美國總統巴拉克‧歐巴馬 6月4日在埃及開羅大學發表講話，闡明美國致力於尋求與穆斯林國家關係的新開端。以下是講話文字記錄中譯文，由美國國際資訊局 (IIP)翻譯。
2009年6月4日
歐巴馬總統談新的開端
(Remarks by the President on A New Beginning)
埃及開羅大學 ( Cairo University )
歐巴馬總統：
非常感謝你們。下午好。我榮幸地來到永恆的開羅古城，榮幸地受到兩所著名學府的邀請。愛資哈爾(Al-Azhar)一千多年來一直是一座伊斯蘭學術的燈塔，開羅大學(Cairo University)一百多年來一直是埃及發展的源泉。你們並肩而立，象徵著傳統與進步的和諧共進。我對你們的盛情邀請，對埃及人民的盛情邀請表示感謝。我也自豪地帶來美國人民的友好情誼，帶來我國穆斯林民眾的平安問候："Assalaamu alaykum."("願你平安。")!
非常感謝你們。下午好。我榮幸地來到永恆的開羅古城，榮幸地受到兩所著名學府的邀請。愛資哈爾(Al-Azhar)一千多年來一直是一座伊斯蘭學術的燈塔，開羅大學(Cairo University)一百多年來一直是埃及發展的源泉。你們並肩而立，象徵著傳統與進步的和諧共進。我對你們的盛情邀請，對埃及人民的盛情邀請表示感謝。我也自豪地帶來美國人民的友好情誼，帶來我國穆斯林民眾的平安問候："Assalaamu alaykum."("願你平安。")!
我們相聚在美國和穆斯林世界之間關係十分緊張的時期──這種緊張關係的歷史根源遠遠超出了當前的任何政策辯論。伊斯蘭教與西方世界之間的關係史既包括好幾個世紀的共存與合作，也包括衝突和宗教戰爭。在近代，剝奪眾多穆斯林權利和機會的殖民主義，以及穆斯林占主體的國家往往被視為傀儡、對其自身意願鮮有顧及的冷戰，加劇了這種緊張。此外，現代化和全球化帶來的巨大變化致使很多穆斯林將西方視為伊斯蘭傳統的敵人。
暴力極端主義分子利用這種緊張關係煽動穆斯林世界為數不多但很有影響的少數派。9.11襲擊事件以及這些極端主義分子不斷對平民百姓採用暴力的行徑使得我們國家中的一些人認為，伊斯蘭教註定不僅與美國和西方國家，而且與人權為敵。所有這一切導致滋生出更多的恐懼，更多的不信任。
只要我們之間的關係定位於我們的分歧，我們就會讓那些播種仇恨而不是和平，宣揚衝突而不是合作的人得勢，而合作會幫助將正義與繁榮帶給所有人。我們必須打破這種懷疑與不和的惡性循環。
我來到這裡是要在美國和穆斯林世界之間尋求一種以共同利益和相互尊重為基點的新開端──基於美國和伊斯蘭教並不相互排斥、不必相互競爭的真情。不僅如此，它們相互重合，擁有一些共同原則──公正與進步的原則；容忍與全人類都有尊嚴的原則。
我認識到，變化不會發生於一夜之間。一次講話不可能排除多年來的不信任，我也不可能在我有限的時間裡回答迄今擺到我們面前的所有複雜問題。但是我深信，為了向前推進，我們必須公開說出內心深處的話，但我們往往關起門來才說這些話。這必須成為相互傾聽、相互學習、相互尊重並尋求共同之處的持久努力。《古蘭經》(Holy Koran)教誨我們："明記真主，永吐真言。"這就是我將在今天努力做到的－"盡最大努力說實話，兢兢業業面對使命，堅信我們同為人類的共同利益遠比給我們造成隔閡的力量強大得多。"
這種信念一部分來源於我個人的經歷。我是基督教徒。我父親來自肯雅一個數代穆斯林家庭。我小時候在印尼生活過幾年，聽到過宣禮塔在破曉和日落時刻的召喚。我年輕時在芝加哥的社區工作，那裡有很多人從他們的穆斯林信仰中找到了尊嚴與安寧。
作為一個研讀歷史的人，我還知道伊斯蘭教對文明的重大貢獻。正是伊斯蘭教──在愛資哈爾這樣的地方──讓學術之光照亮了一個又一個世紀，為歐洲的文藝復興和啟蒙運動鋪平了道路。
穆斯林群體不斷創新，發明瞭代數學；磁性羅盤儀和導航工具；掌握了書寫與印刷術；使我們瞭解了疾病的傳播與治療方式。伊斯蘭文化為我們創造了雄偉的拱頂和高聳的尖塔；永恆的詩篇和美妙的音樂；遒勁的書法和瞑思靜想之所。縱觀歷史，伊斯蘭教以言詞和行動揭示了宗教容忍與種族平等的可能。
我也知道，伊斯蘭教一直是美國歷程的一個組成部分。第一個承認我的國家的是摩洛哥。我國第二任總統約翰‧亞當斯(John Adams)在1796年簽署《的黎波里條約》(Treaty of Tripoli)時寫道，"美國自身對穆斯林的法律、宗教或安寧絕無任何敵意。"
自我國建國以來，美國穆斯林使美國豐富多姿。他們為國作戰，擔任公職，為民權奮鬥，創辦企業，在高等院校任教，在體育場上出類拔萃，贏得諾貝爾獎，建造我國最高建築，點燃奧林匹克火炬。當第一位當選國會議員的美國穆斯林在宣誓捍衛我國憲法時，他手撫的是來自我國建國先父之一── ! 湯! 瑪斯‧傑弗遜(Thomas Jefferson) ──私人圖書館藏書中的那本《古蘭經》。
因此，在來到伊斯蘭教的最初降示之地以前，我已經在三大洲瞭解了伊斯蘭教。這段經歷使我確信不疑，美國和伊斯蘭教的夥伴關係必須基於真實的伊斯蘭教，而不是那些不實之詞。身為美國總統，我認為我的職責之一是隨時駁斥對伊斯蘭教的消極成見。
然而，同樣的原則也必須適用於穆斯林對美國的態度。就像穆斯林不是一個模子裡刻出來的一樣，美國也不能被用妄自尊大的帝國模子定型。美國是世界歷來所知的最偉大的發展源泉之一。我的國家是在反抗一個帝國的鬥爭中誕生的。我們的建國理念是人人平等。幾個世紀以來，我們不惜流血奮鬥，實現那些話的含義──在我國國內，以及在世界各地。我們受到來自地球四面八方的各種文化的影響，但篤信一個簡單的理念：合眾為一(E pluribus unum???)。
對一個名叫巴拉克‧侯賽因‧歐巴馬的非洲裔美國人能夠當選美國總統這一點已經議論繁多。但我的個人經歷並不是那麼獨特。雖然人人都有機會的這個理想還沒有在美國每一個人身上實現，但對於登陸我國的所有人來說，這個希望是存在的──其中包括屬於我國今天80多個族裔群體的近700萬美國穆斯林。實際上，美國穆斯林的收入及教育水準超過了我國的平均線。而且，美國的自由與信奉宗教的自由密不可分。這就是為什麼清真寺遍及我們合眾國的每個州，在我們境內有著1200多座清真寺。這就是為什麼美國政府為保護婦女和女童戴頭巾的權利和為了懲罰那些想剝奪這項權利的人而訴諸司法手段。所以，毋庸置疑：伊斯蘭是美國的一部分。我認為美國自身堅信這樣一個真理：我們大家，無論種族、宗教或生活地位，都有著共同的理想──和平安全地生活；受教育和有尊嚴地工作；熱愛我們的家庭、我們的社區、我們的神主。這些是我們共用的東西。它是全人類的希望。
當然，認識到我們共同的人性還只是我們使命的開始。僅憑言語無法滿足我們人民的需要。要做到滿足這些需要，我們必須在今後的年月裡大膽行動，我們必須理解，全世界人民面臨的種種挑戰是共同的，不能應對這些挑戰將使我們所有人受害。
我們已經懂得，當一個國家的金融體系衰弱時，世界各地的繁榮都受損害。當一種新流感感染了一個人時，對所有人都有威脅。當一個國家尋求核武器時，所有國家都面臨核襲擊的更大危害。當暴力極端分子在一個山區活動時，大洋彼岸的人受到威脅。當波士尼亞和達爾富爾無辜的人民遭屠殺時，它給我們大家的良心留下汙點。這就是在21世紀共用世界的含義。這就是我們作為人類相互具有的責任。
這是一項艱難的責任；人類的歷史常常是國家、部落甚至宗教為自身利益征服他方的歷史。然而，在這個新時代，那種心態是自我消損。任何旨在讓某一國家或某一群體提高地位的世界秩序都將註定失敗。因此，無論我們如何看待過去，我們絕不成為它的俘虜。我們的種種問題必須通過合作方式來處理，我們必須分享進步。
這並不意味著我們應忽視緊張關係的來源。恰恰相反，它需要我們必須嚴正面對。本著這一精神，請讓我盡力明確和直率地談談某些我認為我們最終必須共同面對的具體問題。
我們必須面對的第一個問題是一切形式的極端主義。
我在安卡拉明確表示，美國並非──也絕不會──與伊斯蘭教交戰。但我們會無情抗擊對我國安全構成嚴重威脅的暴力極端主義分子。因為我們絕不接受所有宗教的信眾都會拒絕的同樣的行為：殺害無辜的男子、婦女和兒童。保護美國人民的安全是我作為總統的首要職責。
阿富汗的形勢既說明瞭美國的目標，也說明我們必須進行合作。7年多前，美國在廣泛的國際支援下追剿"基地"組織和塔利班。我們毫無選擇的餘地，因為我們必須這樣做。我知道，有人仍對9.11事件有疑問或為其找藉口。但我們必須清楚地認識到： 2001年9月11日，"基地"組織殺害了將近3000人，受害者是美國和許多其他國家的無辜男子、婦女和兒童，他們未曾傷害任何人。他們與"基地"組織政治上的嫌怨或仇恨意識形態毫不相干。然而，"基地"組織蓄意殘忍地殺害了這些人，聲稱這一襲擊行動系其所為，並一再表明打算再次進行大規模屠殺的狼子野心。他們在很多國家都有同夥，並企圖擴大他們的影響。這些都不是可以辯論的看法問題，而是必須正視的事實。
不要有任何誤解：我們不希望保持在阿富汗的駐軍。我們不在阿富汗尋求軍事基地。失去我國青年男女的生命是美國十分痛苦的事。繼續這場衝突要付出昂貴的代價，在政治上也是困難的決定。一旦我們可以確定在阿富汗和巴基斯坦已經不存在要盡可能多地殺害美國人的喪心病狂的暴力極端主義分子，我們會很高興地撤回每一名美軍士兵。但目前還不是這種情況。
因此我們在與46個國家結成合作聯盟。儘管需要付出代價，美國的決心不會減弱。的確，我們任何人都不應容忍這些極端主義分子。他們在很多國家殺人。他們殺害了持有各種宗教信仰的人。──殺害最多的是穆斯林。他們的行為與人類的權利、國家的進步和伊斯蘭教的教義是不相容的。《古蘭經》教導說，誰殺害一個無辜者就好比殺害了整個人類；《古蘭經》還說，誰拯救了一個人就好比拯救了整個人類。有超過10億人口的這一永恆信仰之宏大是一小撮人狹隘的仇恨之心無法比擬的。我知道，在打擊暴力極端主義的鬥爭中，伊斯蘭教並不是一個問題──伊斯蘭教必須是解決問題的途徑之一。
我們也知道，僅憑軍事力量無法解決阿富汗和巴基斯坦的問題。正是因為這個原因，我們打算在今後5年內每年投入515億美元，與巴基斯坦合作建造學校、醫院、道路和企業，另投資1.7億美元幫助流離失所的人。也正是因為這個原因，我們提供超過28億美元幫助阿富汗人發展經濟和提供人民賴以生存的服務。
我再來談談伊拉克問題。不同於阿富汗的是，伊拉克戰爭是一場可以選擇不打的戰爭，在美國國內和國際上引起了巨大分歧。雖然我相信沒有撒旦‧海珊因的暴虐政權，伊拉克人民最終會獲益良多，但我也相信，伊拉克發生的事件提醒我們，有必要通過外交手段和建立國際共識解決我們的問題。確實，我們可以回想一下湯瑪斯‧傑弗遜曾經說過的話：" 我希望我們的智慧會隨我們的力量而增長，並告誡我們，我們的力量使用得越少，它就越有力。"
今天，美國承擔著雙重責任：幫助伊拉克人打造更美好的未來，同時要將伊拉克交給伊拉克人。我明確地向伊拉克人民表示，我們不尋求基地，對領土或資源沒有要求。伊拉克的主權屬於伊拉克自己。正是出於這個原因，我已下令在明年 8月前撤出我們的作戰部隊。也正是出於這個原因，我們將履行與伊拉克民選政府達成的協議，在 2012年前從伊拉克城市撤出作戰部隊，在2012年年底前將所有的部隊撤出伊拉克。我們將幫助伊拉克訓練安全部隊和發展經濟。但我們是以夥伴的身份，而絕不是以保護人的身份支持伊拉克的安全與統一。!
最後，美國絕不能容忍極端主義分子的暴力，同樣我們也絕不能改變或忘記我們的原則。9.11事件給我國造成了巨大的創傷。這一事件引起的憂懼和憤怒是可以理解的，但在某些情況下，這一事件也使我們採取了與我們的傳統和理想相悖的行動。我們正在採取具體行動改變路線。我明確禁止美國使用酷刑，我已下令明年初關閉關塔納摩灣監獄。
因此，美國將進行自衛，同時尊重其他國家的主權和法治。我們在這樣做的時候，將與同樣受到威脅的穆斯林社區結成夥伴。早一天使極端主義分子在穆斯林社區受到孤立和喪失人心，我們就能早一天獲得更大的安全。
我將討論的緊張關係的第二大根源是以色列人、巴勒斯坦人和阿拉伯世界之間的局勢。
美國與以色列之間的牢固關係眾所周知。這種關係堅不可摧。它基於文化和歷史的紐帶以及這樣一個認識：對猶太家園的渴望有著一個悲哀的歷史源頭，這個歷史是無可否認的。
猶太人在世界各地經受了很多世紀的迫害，反猶太主義被前所未有的大屠殺推到頂峰。明天，我將參觀布痕瓦爾德，那裡曾是猶太人遭受納粹奴役、折磨、殺害和被毒氣致死的集中營之一。600萬猶太人慘遭殺害──這超過了今天以色列的全部猶太人口。否認這一事實是站不住腳的，無知的，仇視性的。威脅毀滅以色列──或不斷重複有關猶太人的惡意成見──是極其錯誤的，而且只會逼使以色列人心目中喚起這一最痛苦的記憶，同時阻礙這個地區人民應得的和平。
然而，同樣不能否認的是，巴勒斯坦人民──穆斯林和基督徒──在尋找家園的過程中歷經苦難。60多年以來，他們承受了流離失所的痛苦。許多人在西岸、加沙以及鄰國土地的難民營裡等待著他們從不曾過上的和平與穩定的生活。他們每天忍受著由佔領帶來的大大小小的羞辱。所以，毋庸置疑：巴勒斯坦人民的境況是不能容忍的。美國對巴勒斯坦人追求尊嚴、機會和自身國家的合理抱負不會置之不理。
幾十年來，一直存在著一種僵持局面：有著合理追求的兩族人民，因各自的痛苦歷史而使妥協可望不可及。相互指責並不難──巴勒斯坦人指責由以色列建國而造成的流離失所，以色列人指責貫穿其全部歷史的來自境內外的敵意和襲擊。然而，如果我們僅僅從一方或另一方來看待這一衝突，我們將無視事實：實現雙方願望的惟一出路是以色列人和巴勒斯坦人和平安全共存的兩國解決方案。這符合以色列的利益，符合巴勒斯坦的利益，符合美國的利益，符合世界的利益。因此我將親自致力於取得這一結果。各方根據"路線圖 "已同意承擔的義務是明確的。為了實現和平，現在是他們──以及我們各方──應該履行自己職責的時候了。
巴勒斯坦人必須放棄暴力。暴力抵抗和屠殺不能達到目的。在幾個世紀裡，美國黑人奴隸遭鞭打，受種族隔離的淩辱。然而，最終導致獲得全面平等權利的不是暴力，而是對美國建國核心理想的和平與執著的堅持。同樣的經歷也可在從南非到南亞，從東歐到印尼的其他國家人民的歷史中看到。這個經歷揭示了一個簡單的真理：暴力是死路一條。向睡夢中的以色列兒童發射火箭炮或炸死公共汽車上的老嫗，既非膽識也非力量的表現。它不是在申明道義權威，而是在喪失道義權威。
現在是巴勒斯坦人致力於如何進行建設的時候了。巴勒斯坦權力機構必須發展治理能力，建立為人民的需求服務的機制。"哈瑪斯"確實在一些巴勒斯坦人中擁有支持，但他們也有責任。要為實現巴勒斯坦的抱負而發揮作用。"哈瑪斯" 就必須停止過去的暴力，遵守過去的協議，承認以色列的生存權。
與此同時，以色列人必須意識到，正如以色列的生存權不能被剝奪一樣，巴勒斯坦的生存權也不能被剝奪。美國不接受以色列繼續建造定居點的合法性。這一做法違反了過去的協議，有損實現和平的努力。現在是停止這些定居點的時候了。
以色列也必須履行其義務，確保巴勒斯坦人能夠生活、工作、建設其社會。正如摧毀巴勒斯坦人的家庭一樣，加沙持續的人道危機無益于以色列的安全，西岸缺乏機會也同樣如此。巴勒斯坦人民日常生活的改善必須是通向和平之路的一個關鍵部分。
最後，阿拉伯國家必須認識到，阿拉伯和平倡議(Arab Peace Initiative)是一個重要的開端，而不是責任的終止。阿‧以衝突決不應再被用來轉移阿拉伯國家人民對其他問題的視線。相反，它應成為一個行動的號召，幫助巴勒斯坦人民發展維繫國家的機制；承認以色列的合法性；選擇進步，而不是自我消耗地向後看。
美國將使我們的政策與追求和平者的政策協調一致。無論在公開場合還是非公開場合，我們將對以色列人、巴勒斯坦人和阿拉伯人說同樣的話。我們不能把和平強加於人。但是，在非公開場合，許多穆斯林承認以色列不會消失。同樣，許多以色列人也承認建立巴勒斯坦國的必要性。時不我待，我們必須基於人所共知的事實行動起來。
眼淚已流得太久；鮮血已灑得太多。我們大家都有責任為這樣一天的到來而奮鬥，那就是：以色列和巴勒斯坦的母親能夠看到自己的孩子毫無恐懼地長大，三大信仰的聖地(Holy Land)成為天意屬望的和平之地，耶路撒冷是猶太人、基督徒和穆斯林的安全和永久的家園，並像伊斯拉(ISRA) 故事中摩西、耶穌和穆罕默德(頌安)共同祈禱那樣，成為亞伯拉罕所有子孫和平相處的地方。
第三個造成緊張關係的原因涉及國家在核武器問題上的權利和責任，對此，我們必須達成共識。
這個問題是美國與伊朗伊斯蘭共和國之間關係緊張的一個根源。多年來，伊朗在某種程度上用它與我的國家的對立來給其自身定位。伊朗與美國之間確實有著坎坷的歷史。在冷戰期間，美國對伊朗的民選政府被推翻起了作用。自伊斯蘭革命以來，伊朗在劫持人質和對美軍及平民發動的暴力事件中扮演了角色。這一歷史眾所周知。我沒有選擇自陷於過去，我已經向伊朗領導人和伊朗人民表明，我國已做好向前邁步的準備。對於伊朗而言，現在的問題不在於反對什麼，而在於它希望建設什麼樣的未來。
消除數十年的不信任決非易事，但是我們有勇氣、有正氣、有決心向前邁進。我們兩國之間有許多問題有待商討，我們願意在沒有先決條件的情況下基於相互尊重向前邁進。但是，有關各方都很清楚，在核武器方面我們已經處在一個決定性關頭。它所關係到的不單純是美國的利益，而是為了阻止一場可能會使中東地區和全世界走上一條極其危險的道路的核武器競賽。
我理解有些人針對一些國家擁有核武器而其他國家沒有核武器而提出的抗議。任何一個國家都不應挑選哪些國家可以擁有核武器。因此，我堅決重申，美國承諾爭取建立一個任何國家都不擁有核武器的世界。任何一個國家──包括伊朗──如果它履行對《不擴散核武器條約》(Non-Proliferation Treaty)承擔的責任，就應當有權獲取用於和平目的的核能源。這一承諾是這項條約的核心，應為條約各方全面遵守。我希望這個地區的所有國家都支援這一目標。
我要講的第四個題目是民主。
我知道，近幾年來在推進民主方面存在爭議，而且許多爭議與伊拉克戰爭有關。所以，我要明確表示：沒有任何一種政府體制能夠或應該被一個國家強加給另一個國家。
但是，我並不因此而減少我對代表人民意願的政府的承諾。每個國家以植根於本國人民傳統的各自方式給這一原則賦予生命力。美國並不自認知道什麼是對所有人最為有益的做法，正如我們不會主觀選擇和平選舉的結果一樣。但是我確實堅信，某些東西是所有人都渴望的：能夠暢所欲言並對自己被管理的方式有發言權；對法治和司法公正有信心；政府施政透明，不盜竊人民財富；以及有自由按自己選擇的方式生活等。這些不是美國人的發明，這些是人的權利，因此美國在各地都支持這些權利。(美國支持台灣人自決!)
實現這一諾言沒有直線可循，但是有一點是明確的：保護這些權利的政府最終會更穩定、更成功、更安全。壓制思想決不會讓這些思想消失。美國尊重世界各地一切和平、守法人士的發言權，即使我們與他們意見不一。我們將歡迎所有民選的和平政府 ──只要這些政府在施政時尊重本國人民。
最後一點很重要，因為有些人只是在不當政時呼籲民主，一旦大權在握，他們就殘暴壓制他人的權利。無論植根於何處，民有和民治的政府為所有當權者設定了一個標準：你必須通過人民的許可保持權力，而不是採用強迫手段；你必須尊重少數派的權利，本著寬容和妥協的精神參與；你必須把人民的利益以及合法的政治程式至於自己的政黨利益之上。沒有這些要素，單憑選舉無法實現真正的民主。
我們必須共同解決的第五個問題是宗教自由問題。伊斯蘭教擁有值得自豪的寬容的傳統。這一點我們在宗教法庭時期安達魯西亞( Andalusia ) 和科爾多瓦(Cordoba) 的歷史上看得很清楚。我童年時在印尼親眼所見，在這個穆斯林占人口絕大多數的國家，虔誠的基督教徒可以自由地從事禮拜活動。這種精神是我們今天所需要的。每一個國家的人民都應能聽從自己的思想、感情和靈魂的驅使，自由地選擇宗教信仰和過自己的宗教生活──無論他們選擇的是何種宗教。這種寬容精神對宗教的興旺是必不可少的，但現在受到了來自多方面的挑戰。
在某些穆斯林中，有一種令人不安的傾向：通過排斥他人的信仰來顯示對自己的信仰之忠誠。豐富的宗教多樣性必須得到維護──無論是黎巴嫩的馬龍派教徒(Maronites)還是埃及的科普特教會成員(Copts)。另外，如果我們能夠誠實地對待這個問題，穆斯林內部的裂隙也必須彌合，因為遜尼派和什葉派的分歧在某些地方已導致悲慘的暴力，特別是在伊拉克。
宗教自由對各族人民能否和睦相處至關重要。我們必須經常認真地考慮我們保護宗教自由的方式。例如，在美國，有關慈善捐款的規定加大了穆斯林履行宗教捐助義務的難度。為此，我承諾與美國穆斯林共同努力，以確保他們能夠施行天課(zakat) 。
同樣，西方國家必須避免妨礙穆斯林公民按照自己的意願從事宗教活動──例如，不能對穆斯林婦女的著裝進行強制規定。我們不能以自由主義為幌子敵視任何宗教。
的確，信仰應有助於我們休戚與共。因此，我們正在美國制訂一些新的服務計畫，使基督徒、穆斯林和猶太人共同參與。因此，我們歡迎阿卜杜拉國王宣導的宗教間對話和土耳其在文明聯盟 (Alliiance of Civilizations) 中發揮的領導作用。在全世界各地，我們可以使宗教間對話發展成宗教間服務，通過各種連接各族人民的橋樑促使我們採取行動推進共同的人道精神──不論是在非洲抗擊瘧疾，還是在自然災害後提供救援。
我要談的第六個問題是婦女的權利。
我知道在這個問題上存在著爭論，在座的各位就是例證。西方某些人認為一位婦女選擇遮蓋自己的頭髮即說明不那麼平等，我反對這種看法。但我確實認為剝奪婦女的教育權利就是剝奪了婦女的平等權利。婦女受到良好教育的國家有極大的可能實現繁榮，這種情況決非偶然。
我希望明確表示：婦女的平等權利絕不僅僅是伊斯蘭教的問題。在土耳其、巴基斯坦、孟加拉和印尼，我們看到這些穆斯林人口占多數的國家選舉了婦女領導人。與此同時，在美國社會生活的許多方面以及在世界上其他國家，爭取婦女平等的鬥爭仍在持續。
我深信，我們的女兒們也能像我們的兒子們一樣為社會作出很大貢獻。讓全人類── 包括男人和女人──充分發揮其潛力將促進我們的共同繁榮。我並不認為，婦女為了獲得平等必須作出與男人相同的選擇，我尊重在生活中選擇承擔傳統角色的婦女。但是，這應當是她們自己的選擇。因此，美國願意與任何一個以穆斯林為主體的國家進行合作，支持提高女童識字率，並通過小型信貸幫助年輕婦女創業，實現自己的夢想。
我要談的最後一個問題是經濟發展和經濟機會。
我知道對許多人來說，全球化的景象充滿著矛盾。網際網路和電視能傳播知識和資訊，但同時也會展示露骨的性行為和肆無忌憚的暴力。貿易可以帶來新的財富和機會，但也會造成巨大的分化和社區的演變。在所有的國家── 其中也包括美國── 這種變化可以引起恐懼，擔心現代化會意味著我們失去對自己的經濟選擇、對政治，最重要的是對自身特徵的控制──那些我們摯愛的有關我們的社區、我們的家庭和我們的宗教信仰的方面。!
但我知道，人類的進步不可阻擋。發展與傳統並不矛盾。日本和韓國等國家在保持自己特有文化的同時發展了經濟。在從吉隆玻到杜拜的穆斯林占主體的國家內，也出現了同樣驚人的經濟進步。無論在古代還是現代，穆斯林社區都站在創新和教育的前列。
這一點十分重要，因為發展戰略絕不能僅僅建立在地下資源的基礎之上，在年輕人失業的情況下，發展也不可能持續。很多海灣國家因豐富的石油資源而享有富足的生活，其中有些國家已開始專注於更廣泛的發展。但是，我們大家都必須認識到，教育和創新將成為21世紀的資本，而太多穆斯林社區對這些領域投資不足。我正在我的國家強調這一點。過去，美國特別重視這一地區的石油和天然氣資源，如今，我們將尋求更廣泛的接觸。
在教育領域，我們將擴大交流項目，增加獎學金，就像我父親，當年就是靠獎學金有機會去美國的。與此同時，我們將鼓勵更多的美國人到穆斯林地區學習。我們將安排有前途的穆斯林學生到美國實習，為世界各地的教師與兒童投資發展線上教學，創造新的線上網路，讓堪薩斯的青少年能夠即時與開羅的青少年進行網上溝通。
談到經濟發展，我們將建立新的商務志願隊，與穆斯林為主體的國家中的同行結成夥伴。我將在今年主持一次創業峰會(Summit on Enterpreneurship)，以確定我們如何能夠深化美國與全世界穆斯林社區中的工商領導人、基金會及社會企業家之間的關係。
在科學技術領域，我們將發起一項新的基金以支持穆斯林為主體的國家中的技術發展，幫助將創意投入市場，以創造更多就業機會。我們將在非洲、中東及東南亞地區開設促進科學事業中心，並任命新的科學事務特使，就有關計畫進行合作，以開發新型能源、創造有利環保的工作機會、使檔案數位化、使水資源潔淨化，並種植新型作物。今天我宣佈與伊斯蘭會議組織(Organization of the Islamic Conference)的一項新合作，旨在根除小兒麻痹症。我們還將謀求擴大與穆斯林社區的合作關係，以促進兒童和婦女健康。
所有這一切必須通過合作關係來實現。美國人已準備與各國政府及公民、社區組織、宗教領袖及穆斯林社區的公司企業攜手努力，幫助人們追求更好的生活。
我所談到的這些問題並不能輕易解決。然而，我們有責任攜手努力建設一個我們所追求的世界──一個極端主義分子不再威脅我們的人民、美國軍隊返回家園的世界；一個巴勒斯坦人和以色列人在各自國家中和平安全、核能僅用於和平目的世界；一個政府服務於人民、上天所有子民的權利都得到尊重的世界。這些是共同的利益。這是我們所追求的世界，但我們只有攜手共進才能如願以償。
我知道有很多人──穆斯林和非穆斯林──懷疑我們是否能創造這個新的開端。有些人急於煽風點火製造隔閡，成為前進路上的絆腳石。有些人認為不值得付出這樣的努力── 他們說我們註定要有分歧，文明的衝突在劫難逃。還有很多人只是對變化是否真能發生疑慮重重。有太多的恐懼感，太多的不信任。但我們若甘於被過去束縛，就永遠無法前進。我特別要對各國各個信仰的年輕人──你們，比任何人都有能力重建這個世界。
我們所有人都不過是這個世界的匆匆過客。問題在於，我們是把這段時間花在導致我們分裂的東西上，還是全心致力於一種努力──一種持久的努力 ──以尋求共同之處，以我們爭取為子孫後代創造的未來為重，並尊重全人類的尊嚴。
結束戰爭比發動戰爭要難。看到與別人的共同之處比看到不同之處要難。我們應該選擇正確的道路，而不只是容易的道路。而這正是信仰給我們指明的方向。所有宗教都有同一個核心原則──已所不欲，勿施於人。這條真理超越國家與民族──這一信念不是新出現的；不是黑色的、白色的或棕色的；也不代表基督教、伊斯蘭教或猶太教。! 這! 種信仰孕育于文明的搖籃，至今跳動在億萬民眾的心間。它是對他人的信任，它是促使我今天來到這裡的原因。
我們有能力把世界變成我們所希望的那樣，但前提是我們必須勇於開創新的開端，同時謹記經文的訓導。
《古蘭經》告訴我們："人類！我們創造了你男人和一個女人；我們讓你們成為國家和部落以便彼此相識。 "
《塔木德經》(Talmud) 告訴我們：" 全部《托拉》(Torah) 都是為宣導和平" 。
《聖經》(Holy Bible) 告訴我們：" 使人和睦的人有福了，因為他們必稱為神的兒子。"
世界人民能夠和平共處。我們知道這是主的旨意。現在，這必須是我們在地球上的使命。
謝謝你們，願主賜予各位平安。非常感謝你們。謝謝你們。 (完)
July 18, 2009
原來我們可以這樣寫歷史!
看了7/16高雄世運開幕式後,
原來, 台灣人可以用這樣的方式展現在世界舞台!
沒偶前高雄市長的謝長廷的高見,
台灣無法爭取到這樣的世界級比賽在台灣舉行.
沒有陳菊市長的鞭策,
二十座以上的比賽管不可能以嶄新的面貌展現在國際舞台,
這是台灣人要驕傲的一刻,
當然, 高雄人喜歡說,
這是高雄人的驕傲!
聽到台灣代表隊進場時播放的歌曲是”逆轉勝”時,
我感動到眼框都紅了,
原來台灣在國際舞台上可以盡情揮灑,
表現出我們的固有文化.
陳菊用國、台語開幕致詞, 不悲不亢,
顯現小國的大氣度,
擁抱全世界103個參賽國(唯有中代表不敢出場),
沒想到到21世紀, 中國已成為世界矚目的大國,
仍然保有魯迅在1930年代看到的中國人的習性: 阿Q精神,
以為把頭藏在地下自己看不到天日, 天下就會看不到自己,
這次世運兩國的表現恰好給台灣人一個很好的鼓勵,
我們雖然不是 UN 會員國, 但是我們還是爭取得到世運主辦權,
我們可以藉此機會宣揚台灣, 說出台灣與中國是不同的國家!
我們看到全場揮舞者"台灣"及"台灣旗",
乍看還以為是民進黨的粽統候選人競選晚會呢!
我們看到全場揮舞者"台灣"及"台灣旗",
乍看還以為是民進黨的粽統候選人競選晚會呢!
綠色禮讚, 世運主場館, 綠建築介紹
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uw-qkhwMx6M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW2-bDGeetg&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW2-bDGeetg&feature=related
世界級的煙火秀:
yam天空部落 建置維護 © 1999~2009 webs-tv inc. All Rights Reserved.