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目前分類: 2009年08月的文章    檢視方式: 列表 摘要
August 31, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-31 16:06:34氣象

繼肯亞決議建造非洲最大的風力發電場後，許多非洲國家計劃以風力發電解決激增的電力需求和經常性停電。但如何將全國置於電力網路之下，仍是一大挑戰。非洲風能協會認為最終可能仍需發展太陽能
 
Harnessing wind power in Africa
 
2009/8/21
Source: China Dialogue

A handful of African countries are betting on wind power to meet surging demand for electricity and combat regular blackouts.
A new wind farm in Kenya is set to be the largest in the continent.
Set for completion in 2012, the project around Lake Turkana in northern Kenya aims to generate 300 megawatts of electricity a year, one quarter of Kenya's current installed power and one of the highest proportions of wind energy anywhere in the world.

The Kenyan government hopes the move will reduce reliance on hydropower, which in a country of unpredictable rainfall and drought makes the electricity supply vulnerable to blackouts.
There are already large wind farms in Egypt and Morocco, while Ethiopia, Tanzania and South Africa have all announced plans to generate large amounts of electricity from wind. 
But these projects are not without difficulty. Transporting the 365 turbines to the remote location of the Turkana project and constructing substations and a transmission line to connect the farm to the national grid will be challenging.

The plans could be a short-term solution. "Ultimately for Africa, solar is the answer, although [costs mean] we may still be decades away," says Herman Oelsner, president of the African Wind Energy Association.
 


August 31, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-31 15:44:19氣象
 
美國首度超越德國成為全球風力發電第一名之國家
United States becomes world leader in wind power
 
August 24th, 2009
Ref: By Tracy Seipel, http://www.mercurynews.com
Aggressive investments in 2008 helped the United States surpass Germany to become the world's leader in wind power, according to a report recently released by the U.S. Department of Energy.
 
And for the fourth consecutive year, the United States is home to the fastest-growing wind power market in the world.
Wind power capacity increased by 60 percent, or 8,558 megawatts, in 2008, representing $16.4 billion(~5400億新台幣) in federal and private investments in new wind projects. Total U.S. wind capacity at the end of 2008 was 25,369 megawatts, compared with 23,933 for Germany, the Energy Department said.
 
That raised to nearly $45 billion the total wind power investment in the United States since the 1980s. One MW of electricity generally is enough to power 750 to 1,000 homes.
 
Wind now delivers nearly 2 percent of the nation's electricity supply.
"Wind energy will be a critical factor in achieving the president's goals for clean energy, while supporting news jobs," Energy Secretary Steven Chu said in a statement with the report. "While the United States leads the world in wind energy capacity, we have to continue to support research and development as we expand renewable energy deployment."
 
The report, prepared by Ryan Wiser and Mark Bolinger of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, provides an overview of trends in the U.S. wind power market in 2008. While the $16.4 billion figure is impressive -- total investment in wind was about $9 billion in 2007 and about $4 billion in 2006 -- investments are expected to drop this year, Bolinger said in an interview.
"The economic situation that is causing trouble elsewhere in other industries is also impacting the wind industry," he said.
 
Among the report's findings:
• Wind projects accounted for 42 percent of all new electric generating capacity in the United States last year.
• Growth is distributed across much of the country. Texas leads the nation with 7,118 megawatts of new wind capacity installed, followed by Iowa (2,791 megawatts) and California (2,517 megawatts). For a long time, California led the United States in installed wind capacity.
"It's easier to build wind in Texas because the regulatory and permitting process is not as onerous as it is in California," Bolinger said.
He noted that Texas also benefits from more widespread wind development, while California has essentially three or four concentrated areas where wind resources are strong.
• Market growth is spurring manufacturing investments in the United States. Several major foreign wind turbine manufacturers either opened or announced new U.S. wind turbine manufacturing plants last year. Likewise, new and existing U.S.-based manufacturers either initiated or scaled up production. The American Wind Energy Association(AWEA) estimates that roughly 8,400 new domestic manufacturing jobs were added in the wind sector in 2008 alone.

Wind Power Capacity
International rankings of wind power total capacity, end of 2008, in megawatts:
U.S. -- 25,369 MW
Germany -- 23,933
Spain -- 16,453
China -- 12,121
India -- 9,655
Italy -- 3,731
France -- 3,671
U.K. -- 3,263
Denmark -- 3,159
Portugal -- 2,829
Rest of world -- 18,106
TOTAL -- 122,290
Source: DOE

(c) 2009, San Jose Mercury News (San Jose, Calif.).
Visit MercuryNews.com, the World Wide Web site of the Mercury News, at http://www.mercurynews.com
 


August 31, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-31 14:33:34氣象
 
倫敦市長Boris Johnson宣布，即將在倫敦各地建立加氫站，以及打造英國第一條氫氣公路。也希望英國成為全球燃料電池科技大國，並且在20年內，全英國會有三分之一的車輛都是經由氫氣驅動。
London to Launch UK’s First ‘Hydrogen Highway’

2009/8/31
By Andrew Williams, MatterNetwork

London Mayor Boris Johnson has announced plans to create Britain’s first “hydrogen highway” by building a network of hydrogen filling stations throughout the capital.
As part of the scheme, a pilot fleet of around 150 hydrogen cars, five buses and 20 black taxis will be assembled in the run-up to the 2012 London Olympics.
The flamboyant mayor has gone on record as saying that he wants Britain to become a world leader in fuel cell technology and his team have made the ambitious claim that, within twenty years, up to one in three of the 31 million cars in Britain could be fueled by hydrogen.
The plan draws inspiration from a similar scheme introduced in California by Arnold Schwarzenegger, the state’s governor, and will be rolled out in tandem with a scheme to introduce 25,000 electric car ‘charge points’ throughout the capital.
Speaking about the scheme, Johnson told reporters, “Harnessing low-carbon technology is key to solving the pressing issues of energy security, cutting climate change emissions and improving air quality. With electric vehicles gearing up to become a mainstream choice in a few years’ time, we are creating the right conditions for them to flourish.”
Deputy London mayor and chairman of the London Hydrogen Board Kit Malthouse said, “We think it’s going to be pretty big. We plan an initial network of six or so hydrogen fueling stations around the capital. We would then be able to fuel the next generation of vehicles.”
Given the ambitious claims for the large-scale adoption of hydrogen transport by 2029, it will be interesting to observe whether this momentum towards sustainable transport will be sustained once the mass publicity surrounding the 2012 Olympics has subsided.
 


August 30, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-30 09:45:25氣象
  
 
中國人大代表打算立法成立專門開發可再生能源的政府基金會，此一提案已經呈交給人大委員會，並於24日一讀通過。根據2007年中國國家可再生能源計畫，到2020年，中國必須達成使用15%可再生能源的目標
China considering renewable energy development fund
 
2009/8/24
Source: 新華社
 
Chinese lawmakers are considering a government fund for renewable energy development, in a move to support the industry and strengthen governmental macro-economic regulation.
 
The draft amendment to the renewable energy law was submitted to the country's top legislature, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), for its first reading on Monday.
 
The 10th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th NPC, scheduled from Aug. 24 to 27, is also to focus on a State Council (Cabinet) report on tackling climate change and the second draft of a law regulating armed police.
 
Under the current Renewable Energy Law (2005), the State set up a special fund for renewable energy development. If the draft amendment is approved, a new fund with two sources of income will be set up -- one from the special fund and one from the income deriving from surcharges on renewable energy electricity prices.
 
Under the current charging standard, the surcharges income will reach 4.5 billion yuan (689 million U.S. dollars , 230億新台幣) for 2009.
 
The fund would continue to support scientific and technological research. It will also finance a pilot project for exploiting renewable energy, construction of renewable energy projects for domestic use in rural areas as well as independent power systems in remote areas and islands, localized equipment production and exploiting renewable energy, among other projects, says the draft amendment.
 
Management of the fund will be worked out by finance, energy and pricing sectors of the State Council.
 
Current renewable energy laws aim to promote the development of green energy, ensure energy security and protect the environment.
 
According to a national plan on renewable energy development issued in Sept. 2007, China will increase renewable resources to 15 percent of its total energy consumption by 2020, in a bid to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable economic growth.
 
In 2008, use of hydropower and solar power in China ranked first in the world, and wind power the fourth.


August 30, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-30 08:54:38氣象
 
蘇格蘭政府提出海洋能能源發展政策
Ocean Energy Industry Road Map for Scotland Released
 
2009/8/27
Ref: RenewableEnergyWorld.com
 
A Marine Energy Road Map (To download a copy of the report, click here.)which was published this week by the Scottish Government's Marine Energy Group (MEG). The road map suggests that the marine energy industry(not including Offshore Wind Power) could provide up to 12,500 jobs contributing £2.5 billion [US $4 billion](1300億新台幣) to the Scottish economy by 2020.
"Scotland has a global lead in marine renewable technology but the next step, building and developing commercial wave and tidalfarms to prove the long-term viability of the technology, will cost each developer between £30 million and £50 million."

-- Martin McAdam, CEO, Aquamarine Power
The report provides recommendations for the Scottish and UK Governments, public bodies and the private sector to help ensure that Scotland’s marine energy industry realizes its full potential.
It calls for the Scottish Government to review its grid infrastructure, an upgrade to which would required to support growth and take a fresh look at the levels of support available under the renewables obligation. It also calls for the Scottish Treasury to do more to help the sector, including the release of the Fossil Fuel Levy surplus funds to help promote renewables in Scotland.
Aquamarine Power (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/home), a developer that is currently developing the UK’s first nearshore wave energy converter, known as Oyster, supported the report and it's recommendations.
“The report reflects a consensus across the marine energy industry and a shared vision of how we will drive the industry forward to realise its full potential for Scotland,” said Martin McAdam, CEO of Aquamarine Power. “Scotland has a global lead in marine renewable technology but the next step, building and developing commercial wave and tidal farms to prove the long-term viability of the technology, will cost each developer between £30 million and £50 million. Much of this is being raised from the private sector, but at this early stage of the industry, government support is essential.
 


August 30, 2009
bunhu - 政治經濟 | 2009-08-30 08:17:46氣象
 
 
挪威Langlee波浪能公司將為土耳其Unmaksan電力公司建造24MW波浪能發電廠
Langlee Wave Power And Unmaksan To Build 24-MW System
2009/8/27
Ref:  http://www.renewableenergyworld.com
 
Turkish energy company Unmaksan and Norwegian energy company Langlee Wave Power have signed a deal to build a 24-MW wave power system off the coast of Turkey. The exact location has not been determined.
The first phase of the project calls for a 120 KW pilot facility, which will eventually be developed into a 24-MW system comprised of 200 wave energy converters designed by Langlee(技術動畫: http://www.langlee.no/index.php?p=3).

“Unmaksan has analyzed more than 70 different wave power concepts, and we believe Langlee has the most robust technology and cost-effective solution,” Unmaksan Managing Director Serhat Kan said in a news release.

The US$169 million project(51億台幣)will be built close to the shoreline in shallow waters near existing distribution systems, the companies said. Unmaksan will build the project and Langlee owns the licensing rights to the technology. Langlee said it expects to receive US$14.7 million (另需約5億台幣專利費)in licensing fees from the project.

Earlier this year, the World Bank approved US$600 million in financing for Turkey’s Private Sector Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Project. (HydroWorld 7/10/09) Contractors, consultants, and project sponsors have been encouraged to participate in the development of renewable energy projects, including hydropower.
 

Note: US$169 million project(51億台幣) for 24MW波浪能裝置成本比已知開發24MW離岸風能裝置成本(約30~36億台幣)還要貴, 且技術較不成熟。


August 29, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-29 06:48:10氣象

用沙哈拉沙漠的太陽來溫暖歐洲
 
作者：駐法科技組
Ref：法國世界報Le :MONDE, 2009/7/14
發佈時間：98.08.21
 
2025年後，非洲的發電廠或許可以供應舊歐洲大陸15%的電量。
 
將沙漠的陽光轉換成電力這項極具野心的計畫是德國公司Munich Re集合多家財團於2009年7月13日在德國慕尼黑舉辦的協商會議中的焦點議題，包括西門子、電力公司Eon與RWE及德意志銀行都對這項在非洲北部與中東地區建立巨大發電廠的計畫感到極大的興趣，這些發電廠將可以源源不絕的供應歐洲大陸所需的電量。
 
這項命名為Desertec的計畫構想首先由德國一家永續經營非政府組織「羅馬俱樂部」(club de Rome)提出，該方案冀望在2025年內在撒哈拉沙漠地帶建造面積達幾千平方公里的太陽能發電廠，並在十年後開始運送電力到歐洲。在運作上，太陽能發電廠將由長達數公里的拋物線狀圓筒型太陽能板(CSP)所搭建，這樣便能依陽光照射時的移動角度有效地將熱量集中至裝有人造油的圓形桶內。當桶內液體溫度達攝氏400度時，內部將會出現蒸氣並起動馬達，進而開始發電，而多餘的電力將會被儲存起來以便在夜間或用電尖峰時段使用。
 
目前世界最大的太陽能發電廠位在美國加州的Kramer Junction沙漠地區，該發電廠於1980年中期建造，而建於美國內華達州與西班牙的Almeria地區的太陽能發電廠則較新。
 
德國政府非常支持此一計畫，德國外交部長Frank-Walter Steinmeier認為：「這項極具遠見的計畫可以加強北非各國的合作關係，目前這些國家之間邊界緊閉，甚少有往來。」德國總理Angela Merkel與歐盟執委會主席José Manuel Barroso更在能源會議上大力讚揚Desertec的初衷。
 
對於參與計畫的工業界來說，現在要知道就是這項計畫的可行性。Munich Re明確的表示，技術的部分不是問題，反倒是政治與經濟的部分爭議較大。從技術的角度看來，太陽能發電廠需要透過綿延的高空或地下纜線來運送高壓電，而目前地中海底早已存有類似的纜線，最長甚至連接至非洲南部的莫三比克(長達1400公里)。
 
就政治觀點看來，如何保護海外投資的發電廠的安全問題是一大考量，某些工業集團擔心，將發電廠建立在政局不穩的北非國家等於是替歐洲和該區埋下一顆未爆彈，歐洲不僅會如同石油般開始依賴非洲，同時當發電廠受到恐怖攻擊或戰爭破壞時，歐洲將有唇亡齒寒之險。面對此一質問，計畫起草集團則表示，太陽能發電廠不會只集中在某一地區或國家，而是會分散在撒哈拉沙漠的各點，如此也將可以分散風險，同時計畫單位也將在這兩、三年內呈報出較為具體的保護方案以便讓計畫執行的更為安心。計畫單位也希望能夠擴大合作的跨國公司，包括納入瑞士的財團ABB、西班牙的Abengoa太陽能公司、或甚至是阿爾吉利亞的Cevital。
 
族群問題也是政治範疇內的一項爭議，畢竟該計畫的目標是要將非洲製造的電力送往歐洲。太陽能雖然是一種用之不竭的再生能源，但提供能源的撒哈拉沙漠國家卻不是電力的首要使用國。也因此，「地中海能源策略發展觀察組織」(OME，該組織結合了地中海以南地區的主要能源公司，但不包括阿爾吉利亞、埃及、與利比亞。這些公司的國家握有石化資源，但卻極度依賴電力)主席Houda Ben Jannet Allal指出：「首要的問題是要解決南半球國家能源需求的問題。」根據預測，南半球國家在二十年後對電力的需求將會增加70%，同時這些國家的二氧化碳排放量更會加速氣候暖化，導致旱災增加與沙漠化現象的惡化。對此，OME認為Desertec計畫應該優先讓南半球國家使用再生能源生產出的電力。目前地中海聯盟(UPM)已經計畫在2020年前在此區利用再生能源生產200億瓦特的電力。
 
相反的，主要負責的財團則確認了計畫生產的電力將會是全球一體均沾、無優先順序的政策。Munich Re負責自然風險研究部門的Peter Höppe認為：「這項政策將是建立在互助的基礎上，不過就以我的觀點而言，發電廠應當先滿足當地國的電力需求後，在提供給歐洲使用。」根據西門子公司的專家計算，由於北非的再生能源潛能極大，撒哈拉沙漠發電廠面積超過300平方公里，將足夠全球使用。
 
就經濟的面向看來，太陽能發電廠的起草到完工以及實際運作等都將所費不貲。太陽能發電的電費每瓦逼近10-20分歐元，相較之下，核能或傳統石化發電只需3-5分歐元。因此，未來必須要靠科技發展(威力更強大的熱對流技術、更廉價的太陽能板)來降低這些費用。
 
Munich Re估計，在未來的十到十五年內，這個巨大的太陽能核電廠便可生產上市。  


August 26, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-26 22:43:46氣象
 
最新報告指出: 全球離岸風能可能達到55GW(離岸風力機可能不是Siemens and Vestas獨霸)
Offshore Wind Power Could Increase To 55 GW By 2020
2009/8/25
Ref: ODS-Petrodata Ltd.
    
Global offshore wind farm capacity will grow at a compound annual rate of 32% in the coming decade, according to a new report by energy consulting firm ODS-Petrodata Ltd.
 
"The International Offshore Wind Market to 2020" report predicts that by the end of 2020, global offshore wind farm capacity will have soared to 55 GW. Current installed capacity is under 2 GW.
 
Based on an analysis of more than 700 projects and prospects in the company's database, ODS-Petrodata forecasts $61.4 billion(約二兆新台幣) of capital expenditure in the sector between now and 2014. For 2016 to 2020, total capital expenditure could be double that amount.
 
"Although the credit crisis and other constraints have tempered the market, there is clearly a huge business opportunity here," says David Gault, renewables manager at ODS-Petrodata. "These are big industrial projects, and it will take lots of equipment, manpower and innovation to get them built."
 
Bottlenecks in the supply chain are already being relieved by new entrants. Several emerging European manufacturers of offshore-rated turbines will challenge the dominance of Siemens and Vestas in the next few years, and will later be joined by a batch of Asian manufacturers, including South Korean conglomerates such as Hyundai and at least 10 Chinese firms, according to the report.
 
ODS-Petrodata's research on wind turbine installation vessels indicates that the current shortage of these units could ease quite quickly if all the vessels currently under construction are delivered on schedule and those in the design phase are built as planned. This will ultimately depend on access to finance, although some potential owners are major civil construction firms with substantial internal resources.
 
The U.K. currently leads the way for both installed capacity and projects under construction, but it may experience a lull in activity in 2013 and 2014. Germany will more than take up the slack, and will go on to become the industry's powerhouse from 2014 onwards. China and the U.S. will also be very significant players in the longer term.
 
In addition, the report says there is a strong trend towards projects being built in deeper water further from shore, and this should create opportunities for innovative installation techniques, new vessel designs, foundations that can be used in deep water, cables that carry power over long distances, and new ways of tackling operations and maintenance challenges.
 
 

August 26, 2009
bunhu - 政治經濟 | 2009-08-26 21:35:55氣象
88水災紀錄片

16分鐘的影片, 道盡8/8~8/12台灣南部的暴雨襲擊, 值得深思的影片.

http://www.dharmalineage.org/Todo/Articles/紀念88水災.swf


August 23, 2009
bunhu - 政治經濟 | 2009-08-23 11:50:13氣象

八八臨工喊卡 災民罵：超級騙局 
 
南縣學甲臨時工激憤串聯抗議
自由時報2009/8/22
 
〔記者楊金城、洪素卿／綜合報導〕勞委會在台南縣學甲鎮執行以工代賑的「八八臨工」專案，上工四天後臨時喊卡，三六四位臨時工又沒頭路，群情激憤，昨天早上在鎮公所前拉白布條抗議這是「超級騙局」，要求上工。
 
台南縣災情慘重，災後有麻豆、學甲等十二鄉鎮向雲嘉南區就業服務中心申請「八八臨工」，災民優先，失業者也可登記，日薪八百元，現做現領。
 
其中最早開辦的學甲「八八臨工」名額二百人，十七日第一天上工有一百多人，隔日增到二百多人，第三、四天更高達四百多人，就業中心、新營站眼見上工情況難以有效掌握，決定喊卡，因事出突然，臨時工們氣憤不已，昨天一早串聯二十多人到公所前表達抗議和憤怒。
 
臨時工工頭之一的李永輝，是前學甲鎮民代表，他說，臨時工們都很認真執行災後清理工作，不會摸魚，有些人還得了皮膚病，只能自己花錢治療，結果工作二、三天後就叫臨時工「走路」，情何以堪。臨時工王正宗說，災民夠可憐了，「八八臨工」專案竟然還欺騙災民，這口氣吞不下去。
 
下週一更名重新登記只限災民
 
新營就業服務站長許洺滉說，一開始登記臨時工太多，基於善意讓每人都有工作做，但沒想到人數暴增，里長、鎮民反映「太多人，管理和工作效率低」。許洺滉說，未免浪費資源，各方也希望能直接照顧受災戶，才決定「八八臨工」喊卡。
 
經協調後，「八八臨工」在今、明再做兩天後結束，改以「水災臨工」專案代替，在下週一重新辦理登記、公開抽籤，有受災證明的災民才能登記，下週三派工，名額二百人。
 
雲嘉南就服中心主任李岳宗也強調，專案並未喊卡，只是當地所提計畫中，欲進行的區域清理工作結束，人力會轉做其他指派工作。
 


August 21, 2009
bunhu - 政治經濟 | 2009-08-21 08:30:47氣象

八八天災人禍後災民首次露出的笑容
 
今天早上在新聞中看到高雄縣甲仙鄉災民的首次的笑容，這難得的笑容是這個正確的政策帶來的：僱用災民清理家中及鄰近厝邊的淤泥及垃圾(超過50公分) ，每天工作8小時可當天請領800元。
 
記者訪問這些臨時雇員的反應有幾個回答：
1.     反正是我e厝，沒錢我也會一直清到乾淨才能開始住。
2.     我可以用這些錢來買我欠缺的東西，我很感謝這個做法。
3.     雖然錢比較少, 但是總是比沒有好太多了。
4.     泥巴太多，水太少，我根本只有睡覺時沒有在做清理，我哪只做8小時啊! 這是我e厝呢! 但是有這800元，我可以拿去吃飯和以後小孩上學要買的文具， 我真感謝政府的做法。
 
經過我向高雄縣府查證，目前大部份安全地區已開始重建的臨時工是勞委會的救助政策，高雄縣政府也開始原住民區的以工代賑政策。
我看到八八天災人禍後災民首次露出的笑容，我覺得很感動，想在第一時間分享給我的朋友，也請大家多宣傳這個正確的政策，把愛心(捐款)送進南部縣市政府。
 


August 20, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-20 19:15:36氣象
 
西班牙啟動海上風力發電計畫
 
作者：駐法科技組
2009/8/20
 
 
根據西班牙節能暨電力多樣化研究所（Instituto para la Diversificación y el Ahorro de la Energía / IDAE）的2008年結算報告，可再生能源佔了初級能源中的7.6%，比2007年增加了0.6%。在電力生產的部分，可再生能源達20.5%，其中12%來自風力發電；而太陽能發電在2008年雖然增長了400%，卻仍處於邊緣地位。就發電裝置而言，風力發電裝置容量達16,549MW（萬瓦）（佔可再生能源總額的42%，較2007年增加了13%），佔全球總發電裝置容量的14%（歐盟第二高）。
 
其中深海海域（深於40公尺）的海上風力因為能使風力發電渦輪的發電功率倍增，而受到很高的期待。這項需要大量研發投入的工作主要由Eolia計畫（2007-2011年）所支持。這個計畫由50家企業共同參與的Acciona Energia企業所提出，包含11個研究領域，經費為3370萬歐元(15.8億NTD)，其中一半由企業提供，另一半則由工業科技發展中心（Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial / CDTI）所提供。
 
另外還有31個海上風力發電園區的計畫，分別位於Galice（7個）、Catalogne（8個）與Andalousie（16個）的海濱；這些園區將於2012年開始建造，預計將提供總計2.8GW（十億瓦）的發電容量。這些計畫由四個不同的企業所發起：Acciona Energia、Capital Energy、Iberdrola與Enarfin。
 
Mar de Trafalgar位在濱臨大西洋的Cádiz外海，它將是第一個啟用的園區，預計設置273座高170公尺的氣動發電機，每座將提供3.6MW的發電容量；這些風力發電機將設置在距離海濱8到20公里不等的外海。
 
受到長久期待並於2007年開始籌備的Litora環境策略研究（Estudio Estratégico Ambiental del Litora），終於在上個月發表。其目的在劃定可能的設置區域，並批准諸多計畫的執行。此研究由環境部與工業部共同制訂，「海上風力地圖」（el Mapa Eólico Marino）是該研究的重心，它將長達4000公里的海岸劃分為三種地區：適合的地區、特定條件下適合的地區，以及不適合的地區。
 


August 19, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-19 23:05:38氣象
 
聯相 擬設山東薄膜太陽能電池廠
 
【經濟日報╱記者邱馨儀、何易霖／台南、台北報導】 2009.08.19
 
晶圓雙雄太陽能競賽日益白熱化，繼台積電董事會通過設置5,000 萬美元專款發展節能事業後，聯電搶先一步規劃進軍大陸，旗下薄膜太陽能電池廠聯相光電日前前往山東考察，評估在當地設廠事宜。
 
業界認為，在台積電尚未明確出手投資太陽能標的或興建產能下，聯電集團在太陽能領域企圖心強烈，考量大陸太陽能內需市場龐大，若能透過聯相插旗大陸，將可享地利之便，趁機搶食大陸太陽能的商機，並拉大與台積電之間的距離。
 
聯電在太陽能事業布局領先台積電，早在2005年11月便成立聯相（原名晶能），作為進軍太陽能的試金石。聯相現階段資本額約30億元，聯電集團持股超過七成，聯電前財務長洪嘉聰與現任財務長劉啟東分別出任聯相董事長與監察人，突顯出聯電集團對聯相的重視。
 
聯相主管昨（8/18）日證實，內部確實積極評估前往大陸設廠的可行性，日前也前往山東考察，為進軍大陸預作準備。
 
不過，考量薄膜太陽能電池投資額龐大，目前並沒有任何實質決定，對於赴大陸設廠仍僅止於「評估」階段。
 
聯相目前廠房位於中科，年底薄膜太陽能電池產能可達87.5MW（百萬瓦），現階段已在中科后里園區投資110億元，規劃興建三座薄膜太陽能電池廠。
 
【2009/08/18 經濟日報】@ http://udn.com/
 

August 19, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-19 10:54:32氣象
 
東元投資1,000萬美元與湘電大唐合設風機廠 
 
【經濟日報╱記者張義宮、何易霖／台北報導】 2009.08.19
 
家電大廠東元、大陸前五大電機廠湘電集團、第二大電廠大唐集團，初期將合資1,000萬美元在漳州設立年產500台風機廠，將是兩岸風機第一起投資合作案。
 
湘電集團、湘潭電機董事長兼總經理周建雄昨（8/18）日表示，未來還將與東元相互持股，在美國合組新公司進軍北美風電市場。與東元、大唐等三大集團合資在漳州設立的電機廠，本月底設立生產線，以200萬瓦特（2MW）風機為主，今後還規劃生產更大動力的3.6MW、5MW風機，明年(2010)大陸世博會亮相。
 
他表示，東元擁有風機關鍵零組件的發電機、控制系統及國際化市場拓展經驗，東元在美國併購西屋馬達，形成有力的營運板塊及市場知名度，在風力發電產業市場將攜手前進，在大陸漳州的合資風機廠初期股本1,000萬美元，也會隨著規模而增資。
 
周建雄認為，三大股東各有專長，大唐集團是大陸第二大的電力公司，湘電與東元都是上市公司，未來在相互持股的部分，會依照規定來進行。
 
東元表示，這項合作案以東元的永磁高效能馬達、湘潭電機則以直趨式馬達為主，產品具互補性，以拓展國際市場為著眼，一年至少可以生產500台以上。
 
東元自主性完成的台灣第一座200萬瓦特（2MW）風機，明年初在東元中壢重電廠亮相，合作夥伴有台朔重工、中鋼機械及先進複材科技等的關鍵零組件廠商。
 
2MW風機是全球現今風電主力機種，目前東元以美國子公司進行風機代工組裝，這次在中壢廠自主性完成，可以承接自有訂單，意義完全不同。
 
【2009/08/19經濟日報】@ http://udn.com/
Note: 斜線部份應是記者誤植, 請略過


August 16, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-16 23:04:03氣象
 
歐盟聯合研究中心強調增加再生能源研究資金的必要性
作者：駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處科技組　
2009.08.04
 
歐盟聯合研究中心在一份新報告中指出，唯有各國政府在財務與管理上，增加對於新科技的支持，歐洲才有辦法達到其再生能源的宏大目標。歐盟現階段目標，是預期到 2020 年，再生能源在歐洲能源消費總量所佔的比例能夠增加至 20 %，此目標的設定，被視為是歐盟擴大其努力，來解決氣候變化問題的方法之一。這項歐盟聯合研究中心的再生能源報告 (Renewable Energy Snapshots)，除了提供歐盟目前再生電部門整體發展狀況之外，並且詳盡分析歐盟達成2020年目標的可能性。
 
該報告指出，由於運輸部門只須有 10 % 的能源來自再生能源，電力部門將必須彌補剩下的部分。此報告的作者認為，要達到歐盟的預設目標，在 2020 年時用電量的 35 － 40 % 的必須來自再生能源；然而，歐盟在 2005 年時卻只有 14 % 的電能是通過再生能源產生的，主要是來自水力發電、生物質能和風能。該報告預計，來自水力發電的電力將不會大幅增加，因為大多數大型水力資源已經被開發利用，此外，氣候變化和對水的需求不斷增加，意謂水力資源可能無法在將來一直維持其可用程度。在太陽能方面，太陽能發電目前仍然只佔了一小部分，但由於西班牙示範計畫的成功，太陽能發電很可能在未來幾年快速成長，太陽能光伏發電也將不斷加速成長，目前企業已經利用太陽能光伏發電技術，來創造出 12% 的電力，並持續努力達成目標。而以風能源來說，風能源與其他再生能源技術相比，算是已經佔了比較高的比例，2008 年風能源的總容量為 65 萬千瓦，歐盟希望到 2020 年，可以增加至 230 萬千瓦。
 
歐盟聯合研究中心指出，如果上述再生能源發電來源，能保持目前的增長速度，到 2020 年，將可以產生 1600 TWh ( 45－50 %) 的再生能源電量。然而，歐盟聯合研究中心接著提出警告，認為除非有更多政策上面的支持，特別是針對視訊格網方面，以及相關監管措施的配合，來確保目前的電力系統已被修正，可用來接收這些再生能源電力，否則，這些預測將不會實現。此報告最後指出，歐洲還需要更多的研究資金，來擴大這些科技的市場，因為生產量才是降低成本與加快執行速度的決定性因素。
 
 
參考資料：
1. http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=FP7_NEWS&ACTION=D&DOC=8&CAT=NEWS&QUERY=01224f479db6:0135:5374b920&RCN=30968
2. http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/refsys/
 



August 15, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-15 00:09:00氣象

Tesla 電力車2011年量產
作者：舊金山科技組　
Ref：世界日報矽谷科技版 2009年6月24日
 
 
美國能源部6月23日宣布，撥給Tesla Motors總額4.65億美元低利率貸款，將用於加速生產平價電力車。Tesla 表示，將運用其中3.65億美元進行最新四門五人座電力車Model S工程生產與裝配。其餘一億美元則用在建設電力車動力系統製造廠。

能源部長朱棣文(Steven Chu)23日宣布，將提供融資貸款給促進節能減碳車輛計畫的廠商，包括美國汽車製造商福特汽車(Ford Motor)將獲得美國政府59億美元融資貸款，以加速節能減碳汽車的生產。日產汽車(Nissan Motor)可獲得16億美元；Tesla Motors將獲得4.65億美元。

Tesla Motors 最新電力車Model S 預計在2011年最後一個季度開始量產，計畫每年生產兩萬輛。Model S 充電一次約需45分鐘，最多可跑300哩。花約五美元充電即可跑230哩。該車每輛售價為5萬7400美元，由於有聯邦稅務補貼，實際售價將僅為4萬9900美元。

綜合稅務優惠、相對低廉的保養費用與節省的燃料成本來衡量，電動汽車使用壽命期間的成本，實際已很接近售價遠為低廉的普通汽車。Tesla 表示，Model S 將是全球首款能夠在高速公路上行駛的量產電動車，也將是北美與歐洲環保意識強烈的汽車駕駛者首選。Tesla 最初的銷售將集中在北美與歐洲，未來再擴展到亞洲。

August 1, 2009
bunhu - 再生能源 | 2009-08-01 08:48:09氣象
 
美國風力發電產業2009上半年成長33%
US Wind Grows by 33% in First Half

Ref: www.greentechmedia.com, 2009/7/28
Although the U.S. needs a firm renewable policy, the American Wind Energy Association notes that growth is good.
Approximately 1.2 gigawatts worth of wind turbines were installed in the U.S. in the second quarter, according to the American Wind Energy Association, bringing the total for the first half of the year to 4 gigawatts.
That's far higher than the 2.9 gigawatts added in the first half of 2008, when credit was a little easier to come by. The total wind capacity in the U.S. is now 29.440 gigawatts, enough to reduce the carbon output of the utility sector by two percent. The economic downturn had made some analysts worried that the growth of wind would subside.
Iowa is now number three in wind installations with 3 gigawatts. Installations in Missouri grew by 90 percent. Wind manufacturers are also beginning to push for offshore wind farms as well as trying to popularize small wind turbines. In April, General Electric invested in Southwest Windpower, the leader in small turbines. Minnesota 2020 says that that state will need 4,000 megawatts more of wind to hit the 25 percent renewable mandate by 2020.
But don't get too happy, warns the AWEA.
"The numbers are in, and while they show the industry has been swimming upstream, adding some 4,000 MW over the past six months, the fact is that we could be delivering so much more," said AWEA CEO Denise Bode in a prepared statement. "Our challenge now is to seize the historic opportunity before us to unleash this entrepreneurial force and build up an entire new industry here in the U.S. that will create jobs, avoid carbon, and strengthen our energy security. To achieve that, Congress and the Administration must pass a national Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) with strong early targets."   
The number to watch for the rest of the year is 8,358 megawatts. That's how much was installed in the U.S. in 2008.