序文
應加拿大ICOMOS之邀，且恭逢魁北克建城400年盛會，ICOMOS第16屆年會2008年9月29日到10月4日在魁北克舉行。與會者通過下列原則宣言，並提出捍衛有形和無形遺產，以保存場所精神的建議，因為這是確保全球永續與社會發展，既富創意又有實效的方法。
Preamble
Meeting in the historic city of Quebec (Canada), from September 29th to October 4th 2008, at the invitation of ICOMOS Canada, on the occasion of the 16th General Assembly of ICOMOS and the celebrations marking the 400th anniversary of the founding of Quebec City, the participants adopt the following Declaration of principles and recommendations to preserve the spirit of place through the safeguarding of tangible and intangible heritage, which is regarded as an innovative and efficient manner to ensure sustainable and social development throughout the world.
本宣言乃過去五年來，ICOMOS為捍衛並促進場所精神，亦即場所的生活、社會與精神本質，所採行之系列措施與行動的一部分。2003年，ICOMOS召開第14屆年會，特將「紀念物與場所之社會無形價值的保存」，訂為科學研討會主題。在隨後通過的Kimberly宣言中，ICOMOS承諾依1972年世界遺產公約，將無形價值（記憶、信仰、傳統知識、地方情感），以及在紀念物與場址的管理、保存上，扮演前述價值守護角色的當地社群，列入考慮。ICOMOS的2005年西安宣言，提醒世人在保護與促進世界遺產紀念物與場址的同時，要重視被界定為實體、視覺與自然層面，以及社會、精神習慣、風俗、傳統知識的脈絡，以及其他無形體例與表現方式的保存。宣言同時呼籲博採跨學科途徑，讓資訊來源多元化，方能更了解脈絡，做更好的管理與保存。ICOMOS美洲地區2008年擬定的Foz Do Iguaçu宣言，闡明遺產成分的有形與無形，對已創立並傳承其文化與歷史意義的社群特質的保存，是不可或缺的。ICOMOS的文化路徑(Cultural Routes)和詮釋與呈現(Interpretation and Presentation)憲章，亦認同遺產的無形層面與場所精神價值的重要性。這些憲草經過廣泛磋商後方才擬定，呈送本次第16屆年會批准。由於有形與無形遺產特質的不可分割，無形遺產且能賦予物件與場所特別的意義、價值與脈絡，ICOMOS正考慮通過針對紀念物與場址之無形遺產特別擬定的新憲草。在這方面，我們鼓勵透過討論與辯論，發展出一套足以解釋場所精神之實體改變的新概念語彙。
This Declaration is part of a series of measures and actions undertaken by ICOMOS over the course of the last five years to safeguard and promote the spirit of places, namely their living, social and spiritual nature. In 2003, ICOMOS dedicated the scientific symposium of its 14th General Assembly to the theme of the preservation of social intangible values of monuments and sites. In the ensuing Kimberly Declaration, ICOMOS committed itself to taking into account the intangible values (memory, beliefs, traditional knowledge, attachment to place) and the local communities that are the custodians of these values in the management and the preservation of monuments and sites under the World Heritage Convention of 1972. The ICOMOS Xi’an Declaration of 2005 draws attention to the conservation of context, defined as physical, visual and natural aspects as well as social and spiritual practices, customs, traditional knowledge and other intangible forms and expressions, in the protection and promotion of world heritage monuments and sites. It also calls upon a multidisciplinary approach and diversified sources of information in order to better understand, manage and conserve context. The Declaration of Foz Do Iguaçu, drawn up in 2008 by the ICOMOS Americas Region, specifies that the tangible and intangible components of heritage are essential for the preservation of the identity of communities that have created and transmitted spaces of cultural and historical significance. The new ICOMOS charters on Cultural Routes and on Interpretation and Presentation, formulated after extensive consultations and presented for ratification at the present 16th ICOMOS General Assembly, also recognizes the importance of intangible dimensions of heritage and the spiritual value of place. Because of the indivisible nature of tangible and intangible heritage and the meanings, values and context intangible heritage gives to objects and places, ICOMOS is currently considering the adoption of a new charter dedicated specifically to the intangible heritage of monuments and sites. In this regard, we encourage discussions and debates to develop a new conceptual vocabulary that accounts for the ontological changes of the spirit of place.
第16屆大會，具體而言，就是青年論壇、原住民論壇與科學研討會，提供了進一步探索有形與無形遺產，以及場所精神之內部社會與文化機制之關係的機會。場所精神被界定為有形（建築物、場址、景觀、路徑、物件）和無形成分（記憶、口述、書面文件、儀式、慶典、傳統知識、價值、氣味），為實體與精神成分，能賦予場所意義、價值、情感與神秘。我們未將場所與精神分開，從有形抽離無形，視他們為相反的事物，而是去調查兩者互動，相輔相成的多種方式。場所精神是由各個社會角色、社會建築師、管理者和使用者，共同建構而成，這些角色都能主動奉獻，共同賦予其意義。就相關概念而言，場所精神具多元與動態特質，故能擁有多重意義及與眾不同的特色，能與時推移，同時隸屬不同群體。這種較動態的方法，在今日的全球化世界中也比較容易適應。這種全球化世界的主要特色，就是跨國人口移動、人口徙置、文化接觸增加、多元社會，以及對場所的多重依戀。
The 16th General Assembly, more specifically the Youth Forum, the Aboriginal Forum and the Scientific Symposium, has given the opportunity to explore further the relationship between tangible and intangible heritage, and the internal social and cultural mechanics of the spirit of place. The spirit of place is defined as the tangible (buildings, sites, landscapes, routes, objects) and the intangible elements (memories, oral narratives, written documents, rituals, festivals, traditional knowledge, values, odors), the physical and the spiritual elements, that give meaning, value, emotion and mystery to place. Rather than set apart spirit from place, the intangible from the tangible, and consider them as opposed to each other, we have investigated the many ways in which the two interact and mutually construct one another. The spirit of place is constructed by various social actors, its architects and managers as well as its users, who all contribute actively and concurrently to giving it meaning. Considered as a relational concept, the spirit of place takes on a plural and dynamic character, capable of possessing multiple meanings and singularities, of changing through time, and of belonging to different groups. This more dynamic approach is also better adapted to today’s globalized world characterized by transnational population movements, relocated populations, increased intercultural contacts, pluralistic societies, and multiple attachments to place.
場所精神讓人對生活，同時也對紀念物、場址及文化景觀亙古不變的特色，有較全面的了解。它提供了文化遺產更豐富、更動態的全方位視野。場所精神應人類之社會需求而生，以某種形式存在於全球文化之中。在場所內定居的群體，特別是傳統社會，與群體記憶、生命力、持續性與性靈的捍衛，應有密切關聯。
The spirit of place offers a fuller understanding of the living and, at the same time, permanent character of monuments, sites and cultural landscapes. It provides a richer, more dynamic, and inclusive vision of cultural heritage. The spirit of place exists, in one form or another, in practically all the cultures of the world, and is constructed by human beings in response to their social needs. The communities that inhabit place, especially when they are traditional societies, should be intimately associated to the safeguarding of its memory, vitality, continuity and spirituality.
因此，ICOMOS第16屆大會的與會者，向政府間與非政府組織、國家與地方當局，以及所有機構與專家，提出包含下列宣言的原則與建議，因為他們能透立法、政策制訂、規劃過程與管理等手段，貢獻一己之力，讓場所精神獲得更好的保護和推銷。
The participants of the 16th General Assembly of ICOMOS therefore address the following Declaration of principles and recommendations to intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, national and local authorities and all institutions and specialists able to contribute through legislation, policies, planning processes and management to better protect and promote the spirit of place.
場所精神的再思考（Rethinking the Spirit of Place）
1. 了解場所精神由有形（場址、建築物、景觀、路徑、物件），與無形元素（記憶、口頭敘述、書面文件、儀式、慶典、傳統知識、價值、氣味)構成。這些元素不僅對場所的形成有重大貢獻，還賦予它靈魂。我們宣布，無形文化遺產可為整體遺產提供更豐富、更完整的意義，所以，所有文化遺產的相關立法，以及所有紀念物、場域、景觀、路徑與收藏物件的保存與維修計畫，都必須將其列入考慮。
1. Recognizing that the spirit of place is made up of tangible (sites, buildings, landscapes, routes, objects) as well as intangible elements (memories, oral narratives, written documents, festivals, commemorations, rituals, traditional knowledge, values, odors), which all contribute significantly to making place and to giving it spirit, we declare that intangible cultural heritage provides a richer and more complete meaning to heritage as a whole and it must be taken into account in all legislation dealing with cultural heritage, and in all projects of conservation and restoration of monuments, sites, landscapes, routes and collections of objects.
2.由於場所精神不僅複雜，而且形貌多變，為了進一步了解、保存與傳遞場所精神，我們要求政府與其他權益攸關者，務必多向跨學科研究團隊和傳統從業人員請益。
2. Because the spirit of place is complex and multiform, we demand that governments and other stakeholders call upon multidisciplinary research teams and traditional practitioners in order to better understand, preserve and transmit the spirit of place.
3.由於場所精神是因應社區改變及持續發展之需，不斷再造的一種過程，我們認同場所精神依其記憶的習慣，會因時間及文化之不同而有所改變，所以同一場所可以擁有數種精神，且由不同群體共享。
3. Since the spirit of place is a process, continuously reconstructed, in response to the needs of change and continuity of communities, we uphold that it can vary in time and from one culture to another according to their practices of memory, and that a place can have several spirits and be shared by different groups.
場所精神的威脅（Identifying the Threats to the Spirit of Place）
4.由於氣候變化、大量觀光、軍事衝突與城市開發，招致社會變遷與瓦解，我們需要更全面地了解這些威脅，預為防範，並提出永續的解決之道。我們建議政府與非政府機構、地方與國家遺址組織，必須發展長期策略性計畫，防範場所精神及其環境惡化。應指導居民與地方當局共同捍衛場所精神，讓他們對變遷的世界所帶來的威脅能有所準備。
4. Since climatic changes, mass tourism, armed conflict and urban development induce transformation and disruption on societies, we need to more fully understand these threats to prepare preventive measures and sustainable solutions. We recommend that governmental and non-governmental agencies, local and national heritage organizations, develop long term strategic plans to prevent degradation of the spirit of place and its environment. Safeguarding the spirit of place should also be instructed to the inhabitants and local authorities so that they may be prepared to deal with the threats of a changing world.
5.若干群體共享場所，會為其帶來不同的精神，亦使得競爭與衝突的危機升高，我們認定此類場域需要特定管理計畫與策略，以適應現代多文化社會的多元脈絡。場所精神的威脅在少數族群之間尤其高張，無論在地或外來者，我們建議此類族群，應受到特定政策與習慣最優先與一流的照顧。
5. As the sharing of places invested with different spirits by several groups increases the risk of competition and conflict, we recognize that these sites require specific management plans and strategies, adapted to the pluralistic context of modern multicultural societies. Because the threats to the spirit of place are especially high amongst minority groups, whether native or newcomer, we recommend that these groups benefit first and foremost from specific policies and practices.
場所精神的捍衛（Safeguarding the Spirit of Place）
6.由於當今世上大部分國家的場所精神，具體言之，即其無形的元素，並未得利於過去的教育計畫或立法保護，我們建議發展論壇、諮詢不同領域的專家與當地資源提供者，並發展訓練計畫與法律政策，以強化保衛並促進場所精神。
6. Because in most countries of the world today the spirit of place, more specifically its intangible components, currently benefit neither from formal educational programs nor legal protection, we recommend the development of forums and consultations with experts from different backgrounds and with resource persons from local communities, the development of training programs and legal policies in order to better safeguard and promote the spirit of place.
7.現代數位科技(數位資料庫、網站)能以低成本、高效率的方式，開發多媒體清單，整合遺產的有形與無形元素。為了讓遺產場所及其精神受到比較完善的保存、散播和提倡，我們強烈建議廣泛運用此類科技。這些科技能加速多樣性發展，確保場所精神文件的持續更新。
7. Considering that modern digital technologies (digital data bases, web sites) can be used efficiently and effectively at a low cost to develop multimedia inventories that integrate tangible and intangible elements of heritage, we strongly recommend their widespread use in order to better preserve, disseminate and promote heritage places and their spirit. These technologies facilitate the diversity and constant renewal of the documentation on the spirit of place.
場所精神的傳遞（Transmitting the Spirit of Place）
8.了解場所精神主要是由人類傳遞，且傳遞又是保存的重要部份，我們宣布唯有透過互動溝通與相關群體的參與，場所精神方能獲得最有效的捍衛、使用與鞏固。溝通是保持場所精神生生不息的最佳工具。
8. Recognizing that the spirit of place is transmitted essentially by people, and that transmission is an important part of its conservation, we declare that it is through interactive communication and participation of the concerned communities that the spirit of place is most efficiently safeguarded, used and enhanced. Communication is the best tool for keeping the spirit of place alive.
9.鑒於當地社會，尤其是傳統文化群體，一般而言最能感受到場所精神，我們主張他們最具資格來捍衛它，且所有保存和傳遞場所精神的努力應與他們密切相關。應鼓勵各種非正式(口頭敘述、儀式、表演、傳統經驗與習慣等)與正式(教育計畫、數位資料庫、網站、教具、多媒體簡報等)傳播方法，因其確保的不僅是場所精神的捍衛，更重要的是群體的永續與社會發展。
9. Given that local communities are generally in the best position to sense the spirit of place, especially in the case of traditional cultural groups, we maintain that they are also best equipped to safeguard it and should be intimately associated in all endeavors to preserve and transmit the spirit of place. Non-formal (oral narratives, rites, performances, traditional experience and practice, etc.) and formal (educational programs, digital data bases, web sites, pedagogical tools, multimedia presentations, etc.) means of transmission should be encouraged because they ensure not only the safeguarding of the spirit of place but, more importantly, the sustainable and social development of the community.
10.了解世代間與跨文化間傳播，在持續散播與保存場所精神上所扮演的重要角色後，我們建議年輕世代，以及與場所有關之不同文化團體，在場所精神政策制定與管理上，能多多合作及參與。
10. Recognizing that intergenerational and transcultural transmissions play an important role in the sustained dissemination and the preservation of the spirit of place, we recommend the association and involvement of younger generations as well as of different cultural groups associated with the site in policy-making and management of the spirit of place.
P.S. 以上「魁北克宣言」中文翻譯轉載在自文建會官方網站。
