January 22, 2005
之一‧重視細節,長保平安
謝豐舟
上星期有機會與兩組6年級同學進行討論。我問同學,血色素的單位是什麼?在同學們彼此面面相臚之後,兩組的答案都是mg/dl. 再問creatinine的單位,有同學說是IU/dl。實際上,血色素的單位是gm/dl,而creatinine的單位是mg/dl。
一支10cc的全血離心之後,試管的下面一半左右都是紅血球,紅血球中都是Hb,大家一想,就知道血色素的單位不會是mg,而是gm。mg的東西是抗生素,如一顆抗生素是250mg,一個病人的血色素若是10mg/dl,則他們血色素只剩下千分之一(應是10gm/dl),這病人還會活嗎?
其實,每一年在上六年級婦產科學的“懷孕診斷和產前檢查”時,我有一個例行動作,就是問地中海貧血篩檢時,MCV的篩檢標準是多少?許多同學都會說80. 接下來,我問單位呢?絕大部分的同學都你看我,我看你。少數幾個同學會說fl,再問fl代表什麼,就從來沒人會回答,fl是femtoliter,femto是10-15。
以上幾個例子,可以看出同學們對檢查數據,通常只知數目,但很少注意單位。由於單位五花八門,有mg/dl, gm/dl, ng/dl, ug/dl, IU/dl, m mol/l, meq/l…也難怪大家眼花撩亂。不過,在臨床情況,單位非常重要,例如在緊急情況時,要打某一針劑,護士說打多少?醫生說打3;到底是3cc, 3mg, 3 units?有時,失誤就由此而起,終致不可收拾。
因此,”注重細節”絕對是一個稱職的臨床醫生不可忽略的。大家對性命交關的事,大概不敢輕忽,但對細節的不注意,卻可能造成“開錯邊”的遺憾。有一天,我在某單位偶然看到護士將10cc KCL加入點滴袋。他加進去之後,立即將點滴掛上,可以看到點滴袋的下半部顯然黃色甚濃。我就請他再拿下來mix幾下,再掛上去, 這樣子就很均勻。我跟他討論,有沒有規定,打入KCL之後,要mix幾次,他說沒有。不過,我指出點滴袋上印的注意事項,印得很清楚明白:“加入其他注射液後,必需完全混合”。這就是細節。我對KCL特別敏感,因為很久以前曾經看過有人誤把20ml KCL直接IV push而出事。
最近,我開始嚴格要求醫生在開始做超音波檢查時,必需先行把病人的病歷號碼正確無誤地輸入超音波機器,才開始檢查. 而且機器上面的日期與時間一定要正確。否則,檢查照片上就不會有正確的ID以及時間。往往,醫生或者不輸入正確病歷號碼而使照片上無病人ID,或是呈現前一病人的病歷號碼,到時候若有糾紛就有理說不清了。幾年前,我曾藉著超音波照片上顯示的時間,幫一位住院醫師擺平了一件糾紛。若是照片上沒有顯示正確時間,這一件糾紛可能會毀了這位醫生。
大醫生往往跌倒在小細節。就像外科聖手的財前教授,卻敗在未跟家屬說明治療的所有選擇。同學們要切記 “注重細節,長保平安”。
To Medical Students :
Every day in the hospital and classroom, I often see something that is very valuable, I think, for the cultivation of a medical student into a mature physician.
However, I rarely have chance to talk with medical students. In the era of internet, I can easily share my idea with each and every medical student through e-mails. That is why I will write serial letters to the medical students. I hope those letters will be, in some way, helpful to you.
Alu(Fon-Jou Hsieh,MD)
Posted by at
天空部落 │02:02
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給醫學生的十封信。
引用URL
http://blog.yam.com/formed/trackback/4937031
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我就是前輩說的這種不注意細節的人
以往在學校,若是有老師問這種問題,我會覺得老師在故意找麻煩
看完這篇文章,才知道其實以前老師的要求都是有含意的
只是我無法體會....
很謝謝前輩的用心,寫這些網誌給後輩看 ^___^
我常常覺得不管做那一行,如果都有認真努力的前輩(向謝醫師這樣)寫些這類的文件(不管是備忘錄、教戰手冊、錦囊妙計)提醒後進,那真的是非常具體有意義的世代傳承。就實用面上來講,也可以幫助新手盡快入門、瞭解並朝著該專業的精髓學習、前進!
謝謝,我在做報告有資料上有femtoliter這個字
找嘞一下才知道它是單位卸卸
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