who is she ? 她是誰



5月22日的印第安那瓊斯的最新電影將上映
或許是這股熱潮又帶到起對法櫃的懷念
今天看到新聞再講到 示巴女王

曾是保管聖經約櫃的人

示巴女王（Makeda, Queen of Sheba）是3000年前非洲東部示巴古國的女王，據信是一位黑人。示巴的位置大約相等於今日的衣索匹亞，極盛時期疆域含蓋東部非洲和現今的沙烏地阿拉伯南部地區和葉門。



以下摘自2008.05.14 聯合新聞網
http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR4/4340143.shtml

根據「舊約聖經」列王紀上第10章等歷史資料記載，她因仰慕當時以色列國王所羅門的才華與智慧，不惜親自前往以色列向所羅門提親。而所羅門王也因此與她犯了姦淫罪（因他已有妻室），而被上帝所遺棄，以色列王國因此開始衰落。

示巴女王被以色列人逐回衣索匹亞時，據說已懷有所羅門王的骨肉。存放於耶路撒冷聖殿的約櫃在羅馬軍隊屠城之後神秘失蹤，據稱就是所羅門王和示巴女王的後裔，把約櫃秘密從耶路撒冷運到衣索匹亞收藏。這些資料或多或少證實了示巴女王當年和所羅門王的關係非比尋常。



德國漢堡大學的考古學家聲稱，他們已找到聖經所載衣索匹亞示巴女王宮殿的遺址，以及可能曾經供奉約櫃的祭壇。





這項最新發現引起考古學界的質疑。數百年來，存放約櫃的地點與約櫃是否確有其物一直是學術界爭論不休的話題。

示巴女王據說是西元前10世紀的一位女王，她到耶路撒冷時與所羅門王有過一場甜蜜的戀情，還跟他生了一個兒子曼尼雷克。後來示巴女王帶著兒子及所羅門王送她的約櫃回到衣索匹亞。

約櫃又稱法櫃，就是電影「法櫃奇兵」中男主角要尋找的重要聖物，據說是盛裝記錄「聖經」十誡石板的木櫃，由皂莢木製成，用純金包裹，頂端有兩個黃金天使。「聖經」裏多處記載了約櫃的巨大威力，諸如夷平高山、摧毀軍隊、毀滅城市等。但隨著以色列和衣索匹亞王國的沒落，約櫃最後不知所蹤。





漢堡大學考古研究所的塞格教授1999年開始在衣索匹亞北部的阿克蘇姆主持挖掘作業。他表示：「根據我目前掌握的相關細節研判，這極可能就是示巴女王宮殿的所在地。」

學界認為，示巴女王死後，她的兒子兼繼承人曼尼雷克以獻給天狼星的神殿取代原有的宮殿。研究人員認為，示巴女王可能曾將約櫃自耶路撒冷運至阿克蘇姆，並將約櫃供奉在獻給天狼星的祭壇。

漢堡大學在聲明中指出：「我們掌握的資料顯示，猶太教與約櫃傳到衣索匹亞之後，當地逐漸出現天狼星膜拜儀式，一直延續到公元600年。」

巴比倫人約於公元前586年征服以色列人，約櫃於同一時期神秘消失。葉門首都沙那「德國考古研究所」的愛莉絲‧葛拉奇認為，示巴女王的宗教中心就是今天的葉門，而約櫃極可能存放在阿克蘇姆以外某一重要的宗教城市。


相關閱讀 可參考威基英文網站
照片源自威基



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba

The Queen of Sheba (Ge'ez: ንግሥተ ሳባ Nigista Saba, Hebrew: 'מלכת שבא‎ Malkat Shva, Arabic: ملكة سبأ‎ Malikat Sabaʾ), refers in Ethiopian history, the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, and the Qur'an to the woman who was the ruler of the ancient kingdom of Sheba. The location of the historical kingdom may have included both Ethiopia and Yemen.

Known to the Ethiopian people as Makeda (ማክዳ mākidā), this queen has been called a variety of names by different peoples in different times. To King Solomon of Israel she was the Queen of Sheba. In Islamic tradition she was Bilqis. The Roman historian Josephus calls her, Nicaula. She is thought to have lived in the 10th century BC.

In the Hebrew Bible, a tradition of the history of nations is preserved in Beresh't 10 (Genesis 10). In Beresh't 10:7 there is a reference to Sheba, the son of Raamah, the son of Cush, the son of Ham, son of Noah. In Beresh't 10:26-29 there is a reference to another person named Sheba, listed along with Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abimael, Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab as the descendants of Joktan, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, the son of Arphaxad, the descendant of Shem, another son of Noah.


The Middle East through the eyes of the ancient Israelites, reconstructed according to the documentary hypothesisAharoni, Avi-Yonah, Rainey, and Safrai placed the Semitic Sheba in Southern Arabia in geographic proximity to the location of the tribes descended from their ancestor, Joktan. In addition to Sheba, Hazarmaveth and Ophir were identified. Semitic Havilah was located in Eastern Africa, modern day Ethiopia. Semitic Havilah (Beresh't 10:29) is to be distinguished from Cushite Havilah (Beresh't 10:7), the descendant of Cush, descendant of Ham; both locations for Havilah are thought by these scholars to have been located in present day Ethiopia. [1]

The multiple references to Havilah may indicate historical Semitic migration from the southern Arabian peninsula to the African continent. An alternative account would place the origins of the Semites and the ancient Israelites in Ethiopia. The ancient Roman historian, Tacitus, wrote that “many, again, say that they [the Israelites] were a race of Ethiopian origin” (Histories (Tacitus), Book 5, Paragraphs 2 & 3). [2] Thus, the Queen of Sheba would rightly be placed as a descendant of the Semitic Sheba people located in southern Arabia, but with more than likely origins from Ethiopia.