June 29, 2006
珍惜異文化的初體驗:旅遊節目的貢獻與侷 限
這季媒觀兒童節目評鑑,筆者有幸再次負責複審,特別注意到旅遊節目的問題。這次有二十二個節目進入複審。其中有六個節目是旅遊性質(如世界那麼大、 ENJOY TAIWAN、在中國的故事、台灣全記錄、冒險王、在台灣的故事)。業者與製作團隊願意投入時間與人力製作這類節目、筆者基本上持肯定的立場,但也有一些想法,想與大家分享。
我認為:這類旅遊節目有些問題,雖可能開拓吾人視野,但也可能限制我們(特別是兒童)對異文化的理解與尊重。我們作為閱聽人,不得不小心。期望這類節目更進步,才能真正成為通往世界的窗口。
這季媒觀兒童節目評鑑,筆者有幸再次擔任複審,本次特別注意到旅遊節目。這次有二十二個節目進入複審。其中有六個節目是旅遊性質(如世界那麼大、 ENJOY TAIWAN、在中國的故事、台灣全記錄、冒險王、在台灣的故事)。業者與製作團隊願意投入時間與人力製作這類節目、筆者基本上持肯定的立場,但也有一些想法,想與大家分享。 對兒童而言,這些旅遊節目有教育意義。首先,這類節目可做為學校課程(如地理、歷史)的補充教材。也就是說,兒童直接從影像符號感受到各地的風土民情,可對照到課本的文字,可能會對學校課程產生較大的興趣。而且,兒童在看完不同地區的風土民情後,可開拓世界觀,對不同的文化有更大的好奇心。因此,對兒童而言,這些節目可能是通往世界的窗口,也可能是跟異文化初次相遇的媒介。
但是,在觀賞時,筆者注意到一些問題。
首先,雖然這類節目是報名兒童節目,但卻不是專門為兒童製作,是給全家人看的。基本上,這些節目是從大人的角度設定議題、拍攝,並用大人的語言呈現。因此,這類節目雖報名兒童節目,但似仍少了兒童的觀點。
其次,在報導異文化時,部份節目卻是以「搜奇」的觀點來面對異文化。節目所拍攝的,多偏向是這些國家與人們最特異的現象。如秘魯的的喀喀湖的女士穿蓬裙;韓國人愛進補,包括吃狗。但是,主持人可能把這些風土人情描述成「不可理喻」。例如主持人會說「為什麼這個湖的名字這麼怪!」、「住在蘆葦島的怪客」、「因為朝鮮半島像陽具,所以韓國人愛進補」「(普諾)這個地方到處都是這種胖媽媽」。其實這些風土習俗有其社會背景與文化邏輯,而節目製作者應以同理心的角度去理解在地的社會因素與文化思維。
再次,有的製作團隊在拍攝的過程中,可能不當地干預到當地人的生活。雖然當報導者進入社區,一定會影響到在地社區。但是有些干擾卻是 不當的,或是沒有禮貌的。例如,當在地的儀式在進行中,有的主持人會前往問問題。而當受訪者一時間回答不出來,主持人會用中文來取笑他們。 (反正被拍攝者也聽不懂中文,或最後看不到節目的成品)。然而拍攝者對所採訪對象應有基本的尊重與責任。
因為這類旅遊節目有上述的問題,可能限制我們(特別是兒童)對異文化的理解與尊重。我們作為閱聽人或製作人,不得不小心。更重要的是,我們期望這類節目能更進步,才能真正成為通往世界的窗口。
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蒐奇的結果,或許會造成我們對那些國家的刻板印象...
如果再加上拍攝的過程中,打擾到當地居民的生活,或是用旁觀者的角度自行闡釋or看待一個地方的特有文化,是不是會有所偏頗啊?
許多的紀錄片或影像民族誌似乎都有這樣的問題耶...。
柳丁:某種程度的介入與詮釋是必然的。問題在於合理性,即詮釋有沒有合乎在地的邏輯或合理地詮釋因果關係,讓在地人也能接受。有一個節目中,主持人一開始便大叫,「哇,怎麼有個地名叫『的的喀喀』湖這個怪名字」。但這個湖名原來即有它代表的意義。主持人應合理地詮釋其脈絡,而不是動不動便說別人怪。
Hi there,
write some more please.
you haven't revised this garden for a while.
i have been waiting here, hoping to read your new works.
Dear friend,
Thanks for stopping by. Recently, I have been occupied with reading the MA thesis of my students. After the work is done, I shall write some. Thanks again.