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本部落所刊登之內容,皆由作者個人所提供,不代表 yam天空部落 本身立場。
August 9, 2007
Housekeeping 管家
by
Marilynne Robinson瑪莉蓮羅賓遜
不知道該怎麼樣討論這本小說
當初看英文版,離現在應該已經有大半年了吧
前幾天才又讀完她的第二本小說《Gilead》(中譯:遺愛基列)
仍然喜歡她風清雲淡的筆觸
姑且不談《Housekeeping》這部於1980年出版的小說
曾被英國Guardian Unlimited,也是倫敦《衛報》母公司
Guardian Media Group(媒體監督集團公司)成立的網站選為史上百大小說之一
或是《Gilead》獲得2004年普立茲獎年度最佳小說
以及《Housekeeping》曾於1980年入圍同樣獎項的豐功偉業
作者Marilynne Robinson重質不重量的寫作風格
(從首部《Housekeeping》小說一鳴驚人之後,到出版《Gilead》中間相隔了整整23年的歲月)
使這兩本小說 (尤其是《Housekeeping》) 以及作者本人帶有很濃的神秘色彩

使這兩本小說 (尤其是《Housekeeping》) 以及作者本人帶有很濃的神秘色彩


先從《Housekeeping》的書名說起好了
中文譯名《管家》實在不太能捕捉到全書的精神與精髓
雖然housekeeping一字也是個名詞,但是指的並不是管家這個人
而是管家這個行為(或動作、狀態、心態、哲學…等等)
因為通常一看到管家這兩個中文字就會聯想到管理房子的員工
至於housekeeping這個英文字所包含的豐富意涵則無法以兩字完全囊括
以下是根據Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary韋氏字典對這個字的解釋
Main Entry: housekeeping
Function: noun
1 : the management of a house and home affairs
2 : the care and management of property and the provision of equipment and services
Function: noun
1 : the management of a house and home affairs
2 : the care and management of property and the provision of equipment and services
(as for an industrial organization)
3 : the routine tasks that must be done in order for a system to function or to function efficiently
3 : the routine tasks that must be done in order for a system to function or to function efficiently
主要的意思是指管理一個家庭及家庭事務的行為或是系統
但是如果把house和keeping這兩個字拆開來
就會得到完全不一樣的解讀
Main Entry: 1house
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hous·es
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English hous, from Old English hus; akin to Old High German hus house
1 : a building that serves as living quarters for one or a few families : HOME
2 a(1) : a shelter or refuge (as a nest or den) of a wild animal (2) : a natural covering
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hous·es
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English hous, from Old English hus; akin to Old High German hus house
1 : a building that serves as living quarters for one or a few families : HOME
2 a(1) : a shelter or refuge (as a nest or den) of a wild animal (2) : a natural covering
(as a test or shell) that encloses and protects an animal or a colony of zooids
b : a building in which something is housed <a carriage house>
house這個英文字有非常多的意涵,但是通常指的是以上這兩種解釋
也就是做為一個家庭或個人居住的建築物
或是一個避難所,或是存放某些東西的建築物
Main Entry: keeping
Function: noun
1 : the act of one that keeps : as a : CUSTODY, MAINTENANCE b : OBSERVANCE
Function: noun
1 : the act of one that keeps : as a : CUSTODY, MAINTENANCE b : OBSERVANCE
c : a reserving or preserving for future use
2 a : the means by which something is kept : SUPPORT, PROVISION
2 a : the means by which something is kept : SUPPORT, PROVISION
b : the state of being kept or the condition in which something is kept <the house is in good keeping>
3 : CONFORMITY <in keeping with good taste> <out of keeping with the decor>
3 : CONFORMITY <in keeping with good taste> <out of keeping with the decor>
值得注意的是以上這三種解釋都很有意思,為什麼呢?
第一個解釋:a, custody, maintenance這兩個英文單字中譯分別是監護及維修(持)
b, observance的中譯是1. (法律、義務、儀式等的)遵守; 2. 儀式 3. 習慣 4. 恭順
第二個解釋:a, 保留事務的方法; 支援, 扶養;
b. 某些事物被維持的狀態(例:這棟房子被維持得很好)
c. conformity: 遵從順從, 符合…
以此類推,Marilynne Robinson的小說《Housekeeping》
探討的主題就變得非常廣泛豐富,並且複雜切身
甚至可以說housekeeping如果硬要直譯的話,可以譯為家的駐留
或是遵守、維持、符合或順從家的概念
但是吊詭的是,以我的理解,這本小說講的其實是transient
形容詞的解釋是:過渡的、短暫的、虛幻的、易逝的、無常的、匆匆而過的
名詞的解釋則是:暫時性的人事物、過渡狀態;〔美國〕過客,短期住客
Main Entry: transient
Function: noun
Date: 1652
1: one that is transient: as a: a transient guest
b: a person traveling about usually in search of work
講了半天,似乎根本就沒講到重點,那就是小說的內容
其實是刻意迴避對這本小說的描述,因為意涵太多太虛渺太細緻,無法描述
如果光就故事情節而言,基本上《管家》是一部以第一人稱描述的小說
時間背景約在美國192, 30年代經濟蕭條時,一對住在某個小鎮,相繼失去父母的姊妹
是如何被不同的人撫養,最後她們年約三十幾歲的阿姨才開始和她們住在一起
也展開了這一段奇妙的「管家」過程
為什麼說是奇妙的過程?
因為這位阿姨嚴格來說是一名遊民,也就是當時美國經濟大蕭條
迫使許多人失去家園,和家人分散,坐著火車到處遊蕩,以打零工方式過活
這些人被稱為hobo,甚至衍生出hoboism這個字
該怎麼譯為中文呢?流浪主義?流動主義?
無論怎麼解釋,回到故事,這位阿姨不知道為了什麼原因,一直處於遊動/流浪的狀態
所以hoboism應該就是housekeeping所指的家的駐留或是管理家庭的反義字
再呼應transient這個單字,這本小說想表達的大略主題就可以慢慢浮現出來
家– 這真是一個沉重的字/概念
或許有人看到這個字會快樂地聯想到幸福、美滿、溫暖、依靠、安全感…
也有人會很苦澀地聯想到疏離、暴力、無依、痛苦、傷悲、牽絆…
不管怎樣,這都是一個涵括人類生存所有意涵的字眼
在《Housekeeping》一書中,那對姊妹在駐足、順從以及流浪、疏離之間拉扯
其實駐留某地或遵循常規不見得是件好事,而流離遊走或感情疏遠也不見得件壞事
到頭來仍是意識/潛意勢的選擇/選擇姿態的問題
之所以這麼說是因為人未免隨時隨地都處在能掌握自己的狀態
而選擇也可能是自動或被迫,或者純粹是一種姿態的表現
如果能像小說中那位阿姨那樣,對眾人異樣的眼光或態度表現出狐疑不解
但是最後仍然擁有決定我行我素的率性,那該有多好!

值得一提的是,我最鍾愛的80年代電影《Local Hero》一片的導演Bill Forsyth
曾經於1987年將《Housekeeping》這部小說改編成電影
由台灣觀眾不熟悉的女演員Christine Lahti克莉絲汀拉蒂主演
她在片中總是面帶著耐人尋味,淡淡的神秘微笑,彷彿洞悉了什麼
又好像凡事都無所謂洞不洞悉、了不了解、看得開看不開、放得下或放不下
最後還是帶著其中一個姊妹,應該是妹妹吧,循著鐵軌坐上列車貨艙
…走遠走遠走遠走遠走遠走遠走…
Now and then I call your name
And suddenly your face appears
But it's just a crazy game
When it ends it ends in tears.
Darling, have a heart,
Don't let one mistake keep us apart.
I'm not meant to live alone. Turn this house into a home.
When I climb the stair and turn the key,
Oh, please be there still in love with me.
…走遠走遠走遠走遠走遠走遠走…
A chair is still a chair
Even when there's no one sitting there
But a chair is not a house
And a house is not a home
When there's no one there to hold you tight,
And no one there you can kiss good night.
A room is still a room
Even when there's nothing there but gloom;
But a room is not a house,
And a house is not a home
When the two of us are far apart
And one of us has a broken heart.
Even when there's no one sitting there
But a chair is not a house
And a house is not a home
When there's no one there to hold you tight,
And no one there you can kiss good night.
A room is still a room
Even when there's nothing there but gloom;
But a room is not a house,
And a house is not a home
When the two of us are far apart
And one of us has a broken heart.
And suddenly your face appears
But it's just a crazy game
When it ends it ends in tears.
Darling, have a heart,
Don't let one mistake keep us apart.
I'm not meant to live alone. Turn this house into a home.
When I climb the stair and turn the key,
Oh, please be there still in love with me.
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